Beyond Rivalry Essay

During childhood, sisters and brothers are a major part of each other’s lives, for better or for worse. As adults they may drift apart as they become involved in their own careers, marriages and families. But in later life, with retirement, an empty nest, and parents and sometimes spouses gone, brothers and sisters often turn back to each other for a special affinity and link to the past. â€Å"In the stressful, fast- paced world we live in, the sibling relationship becomes for many the only intimate connection that seems to last,† says psychologist Michael Kahn of the University of Hartford. Friends and neighbors may move away, former coworkers are forgotten, marriages break up, but no matter what, our sisters and brothers remain our sisters and brothers. This late- life bond may be especially important to the â€Å"Baby Boom† generation now in adulthood, who average about two or three sibling apiece. High divorce rates and the decision by many couples to have only one or no children will force members of this generation to look to their brothers and sisters for support in old age. And, as psychologist Deborah Gold of the Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development points out, â€Å"Since people are living longer and are healthier longer, they will be more capable of giving help. † Critical events can bring siblings together or deepen an existing rift, according to a study by psychologists Helgola Ross and Joel Milgram of the University of Cincinnati. Parental sickness or death is a prime example. Ross and Milgram found that siblings immersed in rivalry and conflict were even more torn apart by the death or sickness of a parent. Those siblings who had been close since childhood became closer. In a study of older people with sisters and brothers, Gold found that about 20 percent said they were either hostile or indifferent toward their siblings. Reasons for the rifts ranged from inheritance disputes to animosity between spouses. But many of those who had poor relationship felt guilt and remorse. A man who hadn’t spoken with his sister in 20 years described their estrangement as a â€Å"festering sore. Although most people in Ross and Milgram’s study admitted to some lingering rivalry, it was rarely strong enough to end the relationship. Only 4 out of the 55 people they interviewed had completely broken with their siblings and only 1 of the 4 felt comfortable with the break, leaving the researchers to ask, â€Å"Is it psychologically impossible to disassociate oneself from one’s siblings in the way one can forget old friends or even former mates? † As brothers and sisters advance into old age, â€Å"closeness increases and rivalry diminishes,† explains Victor Cicirelli, a psychologist at Purdue University. Most of the elderly people he interviewed said they had supportive and friendly dealings and got along well or very well with their brothers and sisters. Only 4 percent got along poorly. Gold found that as people age they often become more involved with and interested in their siblings. Fifty- three percent of those she interviewed said that contact with their sisters and brothers increased in late adulthood. With family and career obligations reduced, many said they had more time for each other. Others said that they felt it was â€Å"time to heal wounds. A man who had recently reconciled with his brother told Gold, â€Å"There’s something that lets older people put aside the bad deeds of the past and focus a little on what we need now†¦especially when it’s brothers and sisters. † Another reason for increased contact was anxiety about a sister’s or brother’s declining health. Many would call more often to â€Å"check in† and see how the other was doing. Men especially reported feeling increased responsibility for a sibling; women were more likely to cite emotional motivation such as feelings of empathy and security. Siblings also assume special importance as other sources of contact and support dwindle. Each of us moves through life with a â€Å"convoy† of people who supply comfort and nurturance, says psychologist Toni C. Antonucci of the University of Michigan. As we age, the size of the convoy gradually declines because of death, sickness or moving. â€Å"Brothers and sisters who may not have been important convoy members earlier in life can become so in old age,† Gold says. And they do more than fill in gaps. Many people told Gold that the loneliness they felt could not be satisfied by just anyone. They wanted a specific type of relationship, one that only someone who had shared their past could provide. This far- reaching link to the past is a powerful bond between siblings in later life. â€Å"There’s a review process we all go through in old age to resolve whether we are pleased with our lives,† Gold explains. â€Å"A sibling can help retrieve a memory and validate our experiences. People have said to me, â€Å"I can remember some with my spouse or with friends. But they only person who goes all the way back is my sister and brother. † Cicirelli agrees that reviewing the past together is a rewarding activity. â€Å"Siblings have a very important role in maintaining a connection to early life,† he says. â€Å"Discussing the past evokes the warmth of early family life. In validates and clarifies events of the early years. † Furthermore, he has found that encouraging depressed older people to reminisce with a sister or brother can improve their morale. Some of the factors that affect how much contact siblings will have, such as how near they live, are obvious. Others are more unexpected-for example. Whether there is a sister in the clan. Cicirelli found that elderly people most often feel closet to a sister and are more likely to keep in touch through her. According to Gold, sisters, by tradition, often assume a caretaking and kin- keeping role, especially after the death of their mother. â€Å"In many situations you see two brothers who don’t talk to each other that much but keep track of each other through their sisters,† she says. Researchers have found that the bond between sisters is strongest, followed by the one between sisters and brothers and, last, between brothers. Sisters and brothers who live near each other will, as a matter of course, see more of each other. But Cicirelli says that proximity is not crucial to a strong relationship later in life. â€Å"Because of multiple chronic illnesses, people in their 80s and 90s can’t get together that easily. Even so, the sibling seems to evoke positive feelings based on the images of feelings inside. † Gold’s finding support this assertion. During a two- year period, contact among her respondents decreaed slightly, but positive feelings increased. Just the idea that the sibling is alive, that ‘there is someone I can call,’ is comforting. † Although older people may find solace in the thought that their siblings are there if they need them, rarely do they call each other for help or offer each other instrumental support, such as loaning money, running errands of performing favors. â€Å"Even though you find siblings saying that they’d be glad to help each other and saying they would ask for help if necessary, rarely do they ask,† Cicirelli points out. Gold believes that there are several reasons siblings don’t turn to each other more for instrumental help. First, since they are usually about the same age, they may be equally needy or frail. Another reason is that many people consider their siblings safety nets who will save them after everything else has failed. A son or daughter will almost always be turned to first. It’s more acceptable in our society to look up or down the family ladder for help than sideways. Finally, siblings may not turn to each other for help because of latent rivalry. They may believe that if they need to call on a brother or sister they are admitting that the other person is a success and â€Å"I am a failure. † Almost all of the people in Gold’s study said they would rather continue on their own than ask their sister or brother for help. But she found that a crisis beyond control would inspire â€Å"a ‘rallying’ of some or all siblings around the brother or sister in need. † Despite the quarreling and competition many people associate with the mere mention of their sisters and brothers, most of us, Gold says, will find â€Å"unexpected strengths in this relationship in later life. †

How Has the High Point Furniture Market Uses Outsourcing

I am writing to request your permission to research the benefits to implement Job resources and Job training programs at the Carson Stout Community Center in High Point, North Carolina. The increasing unemployment rates in the community have greatly impacted the developmental needs of the community.Majority of the immunity is unemployed individuals and families, whom are facing poverty issues. The need for Job resources and Job training programs presents a challenge for unemployed individuals of the community and the city of High Point. The city of High Point was formerly known as the, ‘World's Furniture Capital. † The furniture and textile organizations produced numerous Jobs for our community but today, these furniture and textile organizations have been placed in other parts of the world due to globalization. When the organizations left High Point, many members of the community were left with no Jobs and no meaner of Income.The Carson Stout Community Center Is a perfec t location because many unemployed individuals and families of the community use the services given by the center. Carson Stout Community Center offers a variety of services that help the community but do not offer programs that will allow Individuals to help themselves. Unemployed residents of our community have trouble seeking Jobs because they do not have knowledge about Job networking and/or they do not obtain required Job training. Failure to have no meaner of Income tends to make Individuals and families In the community rely heavily on government and community assistance.Also, with no Job or no meaner of Income, there has been an Increase In crime In our community. This puts a lot of stress on the community. POTENTIAL SOLUTION lob resources and Job training programs at the Carson Stout Community Center will equipment unemployed members of the community with knowledge of Job skills, training, and Job networking. These programs will: evaluate the persons' strengths and weakness to determine what Jobs they will be successful In, provide skills and training for Jobs that require a certain skill or trade, provide resume writing and Interview seminars, and provide Jobs for the unemployed of the community.The community will benefit from providing Job resource and Job training programs at the Carson Stout Community for several reasons: It will decrease unemployment rates, lower the need for government and community assistance, the community will be more productive, bring barnacles and Individuals out of poverty levels, and lower crime rates in the communion TTY. This will create a win-win situation tort the community and the City of High point. To demonstrate how Job resources and Job training programs will benefit our community, I would to like to conduct research both internally and externally.Internally, I would like to survey the unemployed members and families of the community to understand their hardships and needs. Externally, I will gather information f rom Community Development Block Grant (JDBC), Community Development Organizations (COD), and Community-Based Job Training Grant (CABOT) and other community based grants to sponsor the Job resources and Job training programs at the Carson Stout Community Center. My preliminary research indicates data is available to support this proposal idea and to provide Carson Stout Community Center with the information it needs to make an informed decision.I have located organizations that have implemented Job resources and Job training programs to unemployed people and have gathered information from their experiences to apply to our situation. As a community leader, I sympathize with the members of the community who have lost their Jobs with the furniture and textile companies due globalization. Therefore, I am strongly committed to finding projects that will benefit the community and lessen the hardships of unemployment in the community. It is my pleasure, to search for ways to enhance and str engthen the community.By conducting this research to implement Job resources and Job training programs at the Carson Stout Community Center will help the community become self-sufficient. I look forward to meet with you to discuss this proposal. WSDL it be possible to schedule a meeting in the next couple weeks? Once again, it is my pleasure to conduct the research and prepare required financial information, and the pros and cons of a Job resource and Job training programs before our fiscal year begins. You can reach me at 336-965-6636 or via email me [email  protected] Com. Thank you for your time

Analyse the hrm aspects and procedures of an organization of your Assignment

Analyse the hrm aspects and procedures of an organization of your choice - Assignment Example Such policies address the 4C’s, which is another trait of the Harvard HRM theory. The 4C’s, which stand for the commitment, competence of the workers, and the cost effectiveness and congruence of an organisation’s HRM department, are factors that contribute to the company’s overall effectiveness. Most human resource divisions monitor processes such as the employment, training, and appraisal of their employees. Recruitment An organisation’s recruitment process can either be external or internal. It might consist of functions such as advertisement in elements of the mass media, job application procedures, selection, and finally training. Prior to engaging in hiring, most organisations will do researches on the existing suitable candidates for the available positions and then conduct tests on all applicants so as to find out their areas of competence. Recruitment is a vital stage for all organisations because hiring semi skilled workers can adversely a ffect a company’s productivity. It is not regarded by corporate heads as a process that is the responsibility of junior heads. Recruitment usually requires the input of management executives and long-term planning to ensure that the best candidates are gotten for the existing vacancies. In the recent past, there has been a lot of competition between different companies for the most talented workers between different companies. Most recruiters wish to employ well rounded workers who will fit in with their corporate cultures and add positive characteristics to it. Recruiters also tend to look for candidates who can work well in teams or groups and will actually motivate others through their contributions. In many cases, even skilled candidates have to undergo a period of training in order to learn more about their new company. Most organisations use rigorous employment methods in order to ensure that they only use their resources to train candidates that will give back to the c ompany. Employee Development and Training There is a different training program for new workers in every organisation. Each company’s training program is concerned with its particular needs. It is not just the new recruits who develop from training programs in most companies, but the existing workers can also learn new skills that might enable them to benefit from promotions. Making new plans for recruitment programs is also a program that helps companies to discover areas where they might need to improve or develop more. To make sure that they have competent training programs, most organisations evaluate the existing programs for shortcomings and then make the needed improvements while incorporating new procedures. In the present, business arena, most organisations use different methods to train new recruits. There are many companies, for instance, that make use of online training when seeking to hire students or employees from far flung locations. Using this kind of distant learning is a cost effective measure as it trains potential workers on all aspects of operations of the company while saving on travelling costs. Students, particularly, are enthusiasts of this method because they may be qualified and apply for a position even while taking their final

2012 Election Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

2012 Election - Essay Example Based on all of the aforementioned issues and after balancing pros and potential cons related to both candidates, it has been determined that Mitt Romney would be the best leader for the United States. First, in relation to the economy, Barack Obama has a proven track record of failures associated with economic policy and stimulus package development to prevent the company from experiencing a recession. This current president maintains a very large group of economic advisors to provide him information and strategies that will help the macro- and micro-economic environment. It does not appear that this president maintains the academic or experience-based credentials to understand the complex dynamics of economic theory and inter-dependent financial institutions that drive growth and sustainability in the economy. It becomes a cause for concern when an individual who is responsible for dictating economic policy must rely on a basket of knowledge sources to make decisions. Mitt Romney maintains much experience-based knowledge of business and financial investment institutions and therefore can rely on their own tangible knowledge to make effective economic decisions. It is difficult t o trust the economic policy of an individual with no formalized training in advanced economic development or experience working within the investment and financial communities. Barack Obama also does not seem to understand the importance of a crumbling and inefficient infrastructure that supports retail, physical urban sustainability, and how physical infrastructure failures have long-term safety consequences for citizens. Many of the bridges and highways in America, as two examples, have been deemed unsafe by experts in safety management nationwide. In certain urban areas, they are literally falling onto vehicles as they pass underneath overpasses with the rebar exposed and potholes

The Measures to Ensure Compliance and Smooth Running of the Cadsolar Case Study

The Measures to Ensure Compliance and Smooth Running of the Cadsolar Inc - Case Study Example The company should have a higher liability policy to ensure that if an employee does a wrong in the line of duty the company is liable which is under the doctrine of respondeat superior. This is where the actions of an employee acting within the scope of employment the employer will be held liable for their actions. Larry an employee of Cadsolar battered and falsely imprisoned Antonie after he discovered that he had indicated all Cadsolar’s information in the term sheet but Antonie did not disclose any information regarding Pathways Lighting. The government requires companies to have strategies that prohibit bribery and corruption to avoid future instances like experienced when opening a company where they recommend transparency2. For instance, during formation of Cadsolar Inc. SSC demanded 15% of equity for every invention created by the company so as to allow the opening of Cadsolar Company. Cadsolar Company should ensure that there is enough cash flow to avoid using money set aside for income tax that is emitted from the employees’ accounts in order to avoid penalties from Internal Revenue Service. Cadsolar Company tried to pay Antonie for the damages that were caused by Larry with the money meant to pay Internal Revenue Service. Cadsolar Company had opted to hire contractors instead of employees because they wanted to evade paying taxes which would have amounted to fines and penalties. Hiring employees would be expensive for the company because it would have catered for the insurance but contractors are not insured by the hiring company. It is a fundamental rule that any company that has more than twenty employees should put in place a policy ensuring that no discrimination exists whether by race, sex, color, religion, or sexual harassment and any other element that would amount to discrimination.  

Leadership strategy issues in NONPROFIT HOSPITALS concentrate on how Essay

Leadership strategy issues in NONPROFIT HOSPITALS concentrate on how leadership strategy involves a mission, financial manageme - Essay Example As The Attorney General’s Community Benefits Guidelines (n.d.) points out, the non-profit hospitals have the fiduciary obligation to extend their services to concerned communities on the account of individuals’ tax-exempt status. The governing board and senior management are responsible for framing various organizational strategies which would enable the non-profit hospitals to dispose their duties and responsibilities effectively. In contrast, an inefficient strategic management may adversely affect the basic values of such organizations. Therefore, the non-profit hospitals must oversee the development and implementation of the community benefits plan. To be more specific, they must also design the method to be followed, resources to be accumulated, and the mechanism to be deployed for periodical monitoring. Significance of mission in leadership strategy To begin with, since non-profit hospitals are also separate legal entities, they can also deal with revenues and exp enses; and the assets of such hospitals are publicly held. Since these organizations operate on a charitable basis, they may get various sources of public finance including donations and others. Hence, officials dealing with finance department tend to misuse such organizations’ funds which in turn would affect the basic objective of the non-profit hospitals. ... The Attorney General’s Community Benefits Guidelines oblige the non-profit hospitals to serve the health and social needs of the community they serve (Community benefits guidelines for hospitals and HMOs, 2007). These guidelines insist that hospitals must collaborate with community representatives in order to identify their needs and to plan appropriate prevention programs. Fletcher Allen health care community benefits strategic plan (2010) suggests that the major mission of a non-profit hospital is to deliver the proposed community benefits plans effectively to the communities it serves. So as to implement this mission efficiently, usually hospital management designates a community benefits team that comprises of a number of hospital leaders and different operational group representatives. This process requires efficient strategic leadership skills because an ineffective grouping may largely minimize the result of the community benefits plan. The management must also ensure t he service of social workers and health educators to reach the respective communities easily. While implementing the proposed program, it is necessary for the firm to monitor the efficacy of the program at various phases, because it would help the management to identify the weaker areas. Hence, it is advisable for the hospital management to designate a community benefits manager who is responsible for closely watching the operational efficacy of the program. Importance of financial management in leadership In order to implement the community benefits plan efficiently, the hospital must adequately deal with financial management. It is obvious that these organizations carry out their operations on non-profitable basis, and therefore, they would

Biography reseach project on Important Native American Political Research Paper

Biography reseach project on Important Native American Political Leader-Wilma Mankiller - Research Paper Example Regardless of the numerous accolades and aspects that define and characterize Wilma Mankiller, this piece discusses her role in influencing the American society. According to Hollingsworth, Wilma Mankiller is an indigenous American who was influential in Oklahoma, which was equally her birthplace. Furthermore, people recognize and remember her as the foremost female â€Å"Chief of the Cherokee Nation†3. Mankiller’s background is equally clear as presented by her parentage since her father was a Native American. Indeed, her surname, â€Å"Mankiller†, is interesting and controversial when taken literally; however, it meant a rank within the military that was admirable and respected. Mankiller initially schooled at Skyline College where she participated in activities at the Indian Center for a significant portion of her livelihood. Furthermore, she is equally a renowned rights activist as apparent in her political activities during the last century that centered on justice and progress. Additionally, Wilma Mankiller embraced the teaching career after relinquishing her position as the chief principal at Cherokee nation. Sadl y, on April 2010, Mankiller passed away with the most noticeable condolence emanating from President Obama. It is worthwhile to acknowledge that â€Å"Ms Magazine awards† was a coveted honor that she received in 1987. Indeed, such an award typifies her role in the society and encourages persons to embrace her ideologies. An additional prestigious award is the presidential medal award that typifies her work that centers on improving societal progress. Her biography is a significant published work since it sold numerous copies. Wilma Mankiller’s passion and interest in defending the local Americans and other minorities made her join divergent activists’ movements. During her activism, she participated in the

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Questions - Assignment Example Some of the differences between mitosis include but not limited to, mitotic cells divide once whereas meiotic cells divide twice. Mitosis results in cell replication as for meiosis, genetic recombination and production of reproductive cells being the sole aim. Mitosis doesn’t yield exact copies whereas meiosis does. Mitosis also gives rise to diploid cells while meiosis gives haploid cells. DNA crossover occurs only in meiosis (Armstrong, 2007). As for similarities, duplication of an organism’s genome takes place only once preceding any other duplication in both processes. There is the existence of metaphase plates, centrioles in both (Armstrong, 2007). Basic steps of division are the same for both. Mitosis and meiosis occurs both in eukaryotic cells. Finally, both represent reproduction processes. A wild population contains tall and short plants. In one cross, two parental tall plants yield all tall progeny. In another experiment, two short plants are crossed and all progeny are short (cross 2). In the third experiment (cross number 3), two different short plants from cross 2 are crossed and 23 tall progeny and 77 short progeny are observed. The F1 generation came about through selfing of F1 plants. While maintaining Mendel’s first law, law of segregation, where the gamete is formed when each member of the allelic get disjointed from their other member. Confirmation of accuracy of his law through selfing of F2 plants yielded all tall and short plants respectively (Tornqvist, 2006). This can be depicted using a Punnet square as depicted on the next

Developmental theories Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Developmental theories - Term Paper Example Researchers assert that developmental theories give answers that open important ways or depths into human behaviors in studying causes of different experiences that human beings face. Developmental theories emanate from different schools of thought. From studies, there are various schools of thought that resulted to the developmental theories. They include Humanism, Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Gestalt. Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory handles matters of human thinking. According to Piaget, the difference between children’s and adult’s thinking is qualitative other than being quantitative, as some people may have thought. In this theory we get to know that development occurs in distinct observable and more so measurable stages. The theory enlightens us that developmental growth is not affected by experience. According to Piaget, development is viewed to be unidirectional (Fletcher, 2005). Furthermore, according to Kohlberg, the theory of morality has several stages which include preconventional, conventional, and post conventional. He states that the degree of responsibility goes, with age where in middle childhood, children perceive themselves to be responsible for others around them. To this end it is seen that the theories do not cover all possible areas of human development and as a result, sub-divisions like those of Kohlberg will help clarify so many issues or answers (Sigelman, 2011). From many researchers, it is evident that the developmental theories are not original and base their roots deep down in different schools of thought. These schools include Gestalt, Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Humanism. Therefore, a few factors seem to have been put together to make up the theories in meeting the need to answer some of the questions or explain some experiences in human development (Fletcher, 2005). Research shows that the stages in developmental theories are accurate and

Human Sexuality Essay Example for Free

Human Sexuality Essay Teresita went to a fraternity party because shed heard that this fraternity really knew how to have fun and she really needed fun after a disastrous academic week. She knew that some women had been taken advantage of at previous parties, but she put that out of her mind, as she downed one drink after another. Just when things were getting dull, the coolest guy on campus took her by the hand, led her upstairs and talked her into having sex. The next day, Teresita noticed that her vagina was bruised and bleeding. She barely recalled having sex, but knew who was responsible for her condition, and filed rape charges against him with the campus administrator. Phillip was alone on the beach. Midnight was his favourite time of day, there were no other people around and he could really enjoy the sound of the waves and smell of the ocean breeze. He was almost asleep when he felt two women sit down next to him. One of them held down his arms while sitting on his chest. The other woman pulled down his bathing suit and began fellatio. In spite of his struggling and his anger, he got an erection. Both women took turns sitting on his erection, and left him when they were done. Phillip was confused he couldnt tell if he had been raped or not. He knows he didnt want to have sex with these women he didnt know, but cant understand why he couldnt fight them off (they were both smaller than him) and why he had an erection. Monica is seventeen and has been having sex with guys since she was fifteen. Gary is twenty-one and heard that Monica was hot stuff in bed. They go out and have consensual sex. Next day, Garys friend tells him he raped Monica. Is Garys friend correct?

Comparative Genomics Research Benefits

Comparative Genomics Research Benefits ABSTRACT The rapidly emerging field of comparative genomics has yielded dramatic results. Comparative genome analysis has become feasible with the availability of a number of completely sequenced genomes. Comparison of complete genomes between organisms allow for global views on genome evolution and the availability of many completely sequenced genomes increases the predictive power in deciphering the hidden information in genome design, function and evolution. Thus, comparison of human genes with genes from other genomes in a genomic landscape could help assign novel functions for un-annotated genes. Here, we discuss the recently used techniques for comparative genomics and their derived inferences in genome biology. INTRODUCTION Comparative genomics is the study of the relationship of genome structure and function across different biological species or strains. Comparative genomics is an attempt to take advantage of the information provided by the signatures of selection to understand the function and evolutionary processes that act on genomes. While it is still a young field, it holds great promise to yield insights into many aspects of the evolution of modern species. The sheer amount of information contained in modern genomes (750 megabytes in the case of humans) necessitates that the methods of comparative genomics are automated. Gene finding is an important application of comparative genomics, as is discovery of new, non-coding functional elements of the genome. Human FOXP2 gene and evolutionary conservation is shown in a multiple alignment (at bottom of figure) in this image from the UCSC Genome Browser. Note that conservation tends to cluster around coding regions (exons). Comparative genomics exploits both similarities and differences in the proteins, RNA, and regulatory regions of different organisms to infer how selection has acted upon these elements. Those elements that are responsible for similarities between different species should be conserved through time (stabilizing selection), while those elements responsible for differences among species should be divergent (positive selection). Finally, those elements that are unimportant to the evolutionary success of the organism will be unconserved (selection is neutral). SCOPE OF COMPARATIVE GENOMICS One of the important goals of the field is the identification of the mechanisms of eukaryotic genome evolution. It is however often complicated by the multiplicity of events that have taken place throughout the history of individual lineages, leaving only distorted and superimposed traces in the genome of each living organism. For this reason comparative genomics studies of small model organisms (for example yeast) are of great importance to advance our understanding of general mechanisms of evolution. Having come a long way from its initial use of finding functional proteins, comparative genomics is now concentrating on finding regulatory regions and siRNA molecules. Recently, it has been discovered that distantly related species often share long conserved stretches of DNA that do not appear to code for any protein. One such ultra-conserved region, that was stable from chicken to chimp has undergone a sudden burst of change in the human lineage, and is found to be active in the developing brain of the human embryo. Computational approaches to genome comparison have recently become a common research topic in computer science. A public collection of case studies and demonstrations is growing, ranging from whole genome comparisons to gene expression analysis. This has increased the introduction of different ideas, including concepts from systems and control, information theory, strings analysis and data mining. It is anticipated that computational approaches will become and remain a standard topic for research and teaching, while multiple courses will begin training students to be fluent in both topic. Chromosomes from two genomes are drawn: human chromosome 1 (drawn with a global zoom factor of 50x) and mouse chromosomes 1-19, X, and Y with mouse chromosome 3 drawn enlarged 10-fold. Syntenic regions between human chromosome 1 and the mouse genome are connected by coloured curves (A), whose geometry and properties can be adjusted dynamically. Thus, all syntenic relationships with mouse chromosome 4 are coloured in orange (B), and all relationships falling within the 80-90 Mb region on human chromosome 1 are coloured in blue (C). Other relationships with alignments larger than 5 kb are coloured dark in grey (D) and all others are shown in light grey. The lines are drawn layered with light grey lines below all others, then dark grey, then blue and then orange. Although approximately 44,000 syntenic relationships are drawn, the use of a selective colour scheme maintains legibility. The outer track (E) is a histogram of the log density of syntenic regions over 100 kb windows on human c hromosome GENOMES ARE MADE OF Although living creatures look and behave in many different ways, all of their genomes consist of DNA, the chemical chain that makes up the genes that code for thousands of different kinds of proteins. Precisely which protein is produced by a given gene is determined by the sequence in which four chemical building blocks adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G) are laid out along DNAs double-helix structure BENEFITS OF COMPARATIVE GENOMICS Using computer-based analysis to zero in on the genomic features that have been preserved in multiple organisms over millions of years, researchers will be able to pinpoint the signals that control gene function, which in turn should translate into innovative approaches for treating human disease and improving human health. In addition to its implications for human health and well-being, comparative genomics may benefit the animal world as well. As sequencing technology grows easier and less expensive, it will likely find wide applications in agriculture, biotechnology and zoology as a tool to tease apart the often-subtle differences among animal species. Such efforts might also possibly lead to the rearrangement of our understanding of some branches on the evolutionary tree, as well as point to new strategies for conserving rare and endangered species. Comparative Genomics Goals Complete the sequence of the roundworm C. elegans genome by 1998. Complete the sequence of the fruitfly Drosophila genome by 2002. Develop an integrated physical and genetic map for the mouse, generate additional mouse cDNA resources, and complete the sequence of the mouse genome by 2008. Identify other useful model organisms and support appropriate genomic studies. METHODLOGY Genome correspondence Genome correspondence, the method of determining the correct correspondence of chromosomal segments and functional elements across the species compared is the first step in comparative genomics. This involves determining orthologous (genes diverged after a speciation event) segments of DNA that descend from the same region in the common ancestor of the species compared, and paralogous (genes diverged after a duplication event) regions that arose by duplication events prior to the divergence of the species compared. The mapping of regions across two genomes can be one-to-one in absence of duplication events; one-tomany if a region has undergone duplication or loss in one of the species, or many-to-many if duplication/loss has occurred in both lineages. Fitch et al., developed a method called BBH (Best Bidirectional Hits), which identifies gene pairs that are best matches of each other as orthologous. Tatusov et al., further enhanced this method, which matches groups of genes to groups of genes. Understanding the ancestry of the functional elements compared is central to our understanding and applications of genome comparison. Most comparative methods have focused on one-to-one orthologous regions, but it is equally important to recognize which segments have undergone duplication events, and which segments were lost since the divergence of the species. Comparing segments that arose before the divergence of the species may result in the wrong interpretations of sequence conservation and divergence. Further, in the presence of gene duplication, some of the evolutionary constraints that a region is under are relieved, and uniform models of evolution no longer capture the underlying selection for these sites. Thus, our methods for determining gene correspondence should account for duplication and loss events, and ensure that the segments we compare are orthologous Applications Gene identification Once genome correspondence is established, comparative genomics can aid gene identification. Comparative genomics can recognize real genes based on their patterns of nucleotide conservation across evolutionary time. With the availability of genome-wide alignments across the genomes compared, the different ways by which sequences change in known genes and in intergenic regions can be analyzed. The alignments of known genes will reveal the conservation of the reading frame of protein translation. The genome of a species encodes genes and other functional elements, interspersed with non-functional nucleotides in a single uninterrupted string of DNA. Recognizing protein-coding genes typically relies on finding stretches of nucleotides free of stop codons (called Open Reading Frames, or ORFs) that are too long to have likely occurred by chance. Since stop codons occur at a frequency of roughly 1 in 20 in random sequence, ORFs of at least 60 amino acids will occur frequently by chance (5% under a simple Poisson model), and even ORFs of 150 amino acids will appear by chance in a large genome (0.05%). This poses a huge challenge for higher eukaryotes in which genes are typically broken into many, small exons (on average 125 nucleotides long for internal exons) in mammals. The basic problem is distinguishing real genes those ORFs encoding a translated protein product from spurious ORFs the remaining ORFs whose presence is simply due to chance. In mammalian genomes, estimates of h ypothetical genes have ranged from 28,000 to more than 120,000 genes. The internal coding exons were easily identified using Comparative analysis of human genome with mouse genome. Regulatory motif discovery Regulatory motifs are short DNA sequences about 6 to 15bp long that are used to control the expression of genes, dictating the conditions under which a gene will be turned on or off. Each motif is typically recognized by a specific DNA-binding protein called a transcription factor (TF). A transcription factor binds precise sites in the promoter region of target genes in a sequence-specific way, but this contact can tolerate some degree of sequence variation. Thus, different binding sites may contain slight variations of the same underlying motif, and the definition of a regulatory motif should capture these variations while remaining as specific as possible. Comparative genomics provides a powerful way to distinguish regulatory motifs from non-functional patterns based on their conservation. One such example is the identification of TF DNA-binding motif using comparative genomics and denovo motif. The regulatory motifs of the Human Promoters were identified by comparison with other m ammals.Yet another important finding is the gene and regulatory element by comparison of yeast species. Applications of comparative genomics to wheat A number of important major traits requiring elucidation in wheat are essentially non-polymorphic. Thus there is no prospect of creating a mapping population which is the starting point of all positional cloning strategies in most species to date. Moreover given the size of the wheat genome, many traits lie in regions where the gene density per BAC is one or two, making it difficult if not impossible to walk from one wheat BAC to the next. The Ph1 locus (controlling chromosome pairing in wheat) is one such example, in which the starting point was wild type wheat and a mutant carrying a deletion of more than 70Mb (almost the size of the whole Arabidopsis genome). Its phenotype is not easy to score. My group wished to characterise this locus. We created three different types of mutagenised populations, sequenced the equivalent rice Ph1 region, built BAC libraries (all are now available free of IP) for Brachypodium (a small genome species more closely related to wheat), sequenced Brachy podium Ph1 equivalent region, built a hexaploid (CS) (737,000 clones) wheat in collaboration with INRA (providing a further 500,000 clones), exploited Jorge Dubcovskys Tetraploid wheat BAC library, sequenced wheat BACs and defined the tissues in which the Ph1 phenotype is expressed. I will discuss the approaches adopted and resources created. Application of comparative genomics to the analysis of vertebrate regulatory elements Gene regulatory regions (also known as cis-regulatory modules) in vertebrates are poorly understood and annotated by comparison with protein-coding sequences. The short and degenerate sequences of regulatory elements and their distribution over large intergenic and intronic regions pose a major challenge to genomics scientists. Comparative genomics can be used to identify putative regulatory regions, and to analyse regulatory regions into their constituent transcription factor binding sites. There is need for high throughput assay systems to analyse the function of predicted vertebrate gene regulatory regions Other applications Comparative genomics has wide applications in the field of molecular medicine and molecular evolution. The most significant application of comparative genomics in molecular medicine is the identification of drug targets of many infectious diseases. For example, comparative analyses of fungal genomes have led to the identification of many putative targets for novel antifungal. This discovery can aid in target based drug design to cure fungal diseases in human. Comparative analysis of genomes of individuals with genetic disease against healthy individuals may reveal clues of eliminating that disease. Comparative genomics helps in selecting model organisms. A model system is a simple, idealized system that can be accessible and easily manipulated. For example, a comparison of the fruit fly genome with the human genome discovered that about 60 percent of genes are conserved between fly and human. Researchers have found that two-thirds of human genes known to be involved in cancer have counterparts in the fruit fly. Even more surprisingly, when scientists inserted a human gene associated with early-onset Parkinsons disease into fruit flies, they displayed symptoms similar to those seen in humans with the disorder, raising the possibility that the tiny insects could serve as a new model for testing therapies aimed at Parkinsons. Thus, comparative genomics may provide gene functional annotation. Gene finding is an important application of comparative genomics. Comparative genomics identify Synteny (genes present in the same order in the genomes) and hence reveal gene clusters. Comparative genomics also helps in the clustering of regulatory sites, which can help in the recognition of unknown regulatory regions in other genomes. The metabolic pathway regulation can also be recognized by means of comparative genomics of a species. Dmitry and colleagues have identified the regulons of methionine metabolism in gram-positive bacteria using comparative genomics analysis. Similarly Kai Tan and colleagues have identified regulatory networks of H. influenzae by comparing its genome with that of E. coli. The adaptive properties of organisms like evolution of sex, gene silencing can also be correlated to genome sequence by comparative genomics. CONCLUSION The most unexpected finding in comparing the mouse and human genomes lies in the similarities between junk DNA, mostly retro-transposons, (transposons copied from mRNA by reverse transcriptase) in the two species. A survey of the location of retrotransposon DNA in both species shows that it has independently ended up in comparable regions of the genome. Thus junk DNA may have more of a function than was previously assumed. High performance computing tools help in comparing huge genomes. Because of its wide applications and feasibility, automation of comparing genomics is possible. Such Comparisons can aid in predicting the function of numerous hypothetical proteins. REFERENCES en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative genomics www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.springer.com

Between Utopias Essay -- Literary Analysis, Thomas More

Although comparing one society to another does not require them to be different in government or human behavior, it does necessarily weight one’s faults against its victories to render it better or worse than the other. This comparative structure, found between Thomas More’s two books of Utopia, poses the country of Utopia opposite the broader communities of world civilization. Despite the comparison of Utopia as distinct from and morally better than widespread society, in truth Utopia is, at best, an extension. The sloth of governments abroad have led Utopians to pursue lives of group work rather than personal property. In Book I, Hythloday confronts the wealthy as "rapacious, wicked, and useless, while the poor are unassuming, modest men who work hard" (36). The duality of the claim of wealth versus work makes them appear dichotomous, not to mention cruel, and results in the desire of the Utopians to be free of not only "private property," but of laziness. Thus they partake of group labor, but wherein "every person learns a second trade, besides agriculture" (45). This appears fair and useful, especially when coupled with how "Utopians do not work very long hours, for to "exhaust himself with endless toil" is "such wretchedness, really worse than slavery" (45). Yet In Book I, Hythloday makes a positive example of the Persian Polylerites, whom, "apart from their constant work, they undergo no discomfort in living" (23). This contradiction of values is met with another: their own enslavemen t of others. Though the struggles of the poor amid the wealth of leadership motivate the Utopians to abolish money, it is not to the effect of equality. Hythloday is critical of "a solitary ruler who enjoys a life of pleasure...while all abou... ...uble with working for princes in the common world of government: "You must openly approve of the worst proposals, and consent to the most vicious policies" (35). In Utopia, while opposing the openness of the plans, do in subtle, frightful subjugations control their people in a remote society. While the character of More often argues with Hythloday in Book I for his opposition to wealth and government, by the end of Book II his primary concern is the same, glossing mindset of the loss of beautiful possessions and rule with their "splendor and majesty" (97). Although this position is deliberately focused on the monetary absence in Utopia, his listing of their observances shows acknowledgement; and while Utopia would itself never acknowledge its nearly Spartan oligarchy, between Books I and II it is clear that through comparison, its digression is anything but ideal.

Les Miserables Essays -- essays research papers

In Les Miserables, Victor Hugo portrays human nature in a neutral state. Humans are born with neither good nor bad instincts, but rather society affects our actions and thoughts. Hugo portrays the neutral state of mind through Jean Valjean and Cosette. The two extremes of good and evil are represented through Thà ©nardier and the bishop. Good and evil coexists in the society and affects Valjean and Cosette. It is the two extremes of good and evil that dictate the lives of Valjean and Cosette. The bishop represents charity and love. Everything he's ever had, he gave to charity. When the bishop first met Valjean, he said, "You need not tell me who you are. This is not my house; it is the house of Christ. It does not ask any comer whether he has a name, but whether he has an affliction. You are suffering; you are hungry and thirsty; be welcome. And do not thank me; do not tell me that I take you into my house..... whatever is here is yours." (pg. 15-16) The bishop didn't loo k at him as a convict; he looked at him as a fellow brother. Later, when the bishop found out that Valjean stole his silver, he wasn't mad, but offered all of his silver to Valjean saying, "Don't forget that you promised me to use this silver to become an honest man." Thà ©nardier, on the other hand, is the exact opposite of the bishop. He represents the corruptive nature of society. He's the one that changes people for the bad. An example of how Thà ©nardier represents greed and evil is how he... Les Miserables Essays -- essays research papers In Les Miserables, Victor Hugo portrays human nature in a neutral state. Humans are born with neither good nor bad instincts, but rather society affects our actions and thoughts. Hugo portrays the neutral state of mind through Jean Valjean and Cosette. The two extremes of good and evil are represented through Thà ©nardier and the bishop. Good and evil coexists in the society and affects Valjean and Cosette. It is the two extremes of good and evil that dictate the lives of Valjean and Cosette. The bishop represents charity and love. Everything he's ever had, he gave to charity. When the bishop first met Valjean, he said, "You need not tell me who you are. This is not my house; it is the house of Christ. It does not ask any comer whether he has a name, but whether he has an affliction. You are suffering; you are hungry and thirsty; be welcome. And do not thank me; do not tell me that I take you into my house..... whatever is here is yours." (pg. 15-16) The bishop didn't loo k at him as a convict; he looked at him as a fellow brother. Later, when the bishop found out that Valjean stole his silver, he wasn't mad, but offered all of his silver to Valjean saying, "Don't forget that you promised me to use this silver to become an honest man." Thà ©nardier, on the other hand, is the exact opposite of the bishop. He represents the corruptive nature of society. He's the one that changes people for the bad. An example of how Thà ©nardier represents greed and evil is how he...

Oral Diseases During Pregnancy Health And Social Care Essay

Pregnancy is a delicate status affecting complex physical and physiological alterations. Pregnancy constitutes a particular physiological province characterized by a series of impermanent adaptative alterations in organic structure construction, as the consequence of an increased production of estrogens, Lipo-Lutin, gonadotrophins, and relaxin, among other endocrines. The unwritten pit is besides affected by such endocrinal actions, and may show both transient and irreversible alterations every bit good as alterations that are considered pathological [ 1 ] . Pregnant adult females are peculiarly susceptible to gingival and periodontic disease. In this context, different unwritten lesions are reported to be common during gestation. In consequence, an increased prevalence of dental changes excessively has been documented, including peculiarly cavities and erodings [ 2 ] . The biochemical and hormonal alterations of gestation enhance the hazard. Since the old married womans ‘ narrative of â€Å" the loss of a tooth for every gestation, † unwritten wellness during gestation has long been a focal point of involvement [ 3 ] . Vergnes and Sixou [ 4 ] , in their systematic, a meta-analytic reappraisal of 17 articles concluded that there was a statistically important association between periodontal disease and inauspicious gestation results. Perinatal mortality rates in Pakistan and many other developing states are more than 10-fold greater than in developed states. In a survey on periodontic disease and inauspicious birth results in pregnant Pakistani adult females, it was found that they have high degrees of moderate-to-severe dental disease. It was concluded that spontaneous abortion and neonatal and perinatal deceases increased with the badness of periodontic disease [ 5 ] . Patients, doctors, and tooth doctors are cautious, frequently avoiding intervention of unwritten wellness issues during gestation. This job is compounded by a deficiency of clinical guidelines for the direction of common unwritten conditions in gestation. In the absence of pattern guidelines, fright of medico legal action based on negligent or deficient intervention of unwritten conditions during gestation abounds, but it is mostly baseless [ 6 ] . In add-on to a deficiency of pattern criterions, barriers to dental attention during gestation include unequal dental insurance, relentless myths about the effects of gestation on dental wellness, and concerns for fetal safety during dental intervention [ 7 ] . Common PROBLEMS DURING PREGNANCY Oral lesions: During gestation, the unwritten pit is exposed more frequently to gastric acid that can gnaw dental enamel. Morning illness is a common cause early in gestation ; subsequently, a slack esophageal sphincter and upward force per unit area from the big womb can do or worsen acerb reflux. Patients with terrible purging can hold enamel erodings. Rinsing the oral cavity with a teaspoon of baking sodium carbonate in a cup of H2O or using tooth mousse ( casein phosphopeptide formless Ca phosphate ) on the dentition after purging can neutralize acid. Pregnant adult females should be advised to avoid brushing their dentitions instantly after purging and to utilize a toothbrush with soft bristles when they do brush to cut down the hazard of enamel harm. Fluoride gargle can protect eroded or sensitive dentitions. Dental Cavities: An increased prevalence of dental changes has been documented, including peculiarly cavities ( 99.38 % ) [ 2 ] . Pregnant adult females are at higher hazard of tooth decay for several grounds ; including increased sourness in the unwritten pit, sugary dietetic cravings, and limited attending to unwritten wellness. Untreated dental cavities can take to unwritten abscess and facial cellulitis. Pregnant patients should diminish their hazard of cavities by brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and restricting sugary nutrients. Patients with untreated cavities and associated complications should be referred to a tooth doctor for unequivocal intervention. If the female parent ( infecting individual ) has high salivary mutans streptococci count, transmittal occurs through several day-to-day spit contacts between the kid and the female parent. The acquisition of mutans streptococci is suggested to happen during a distinct age interval: a â€Å" window of infectivity † between 19 and 31 months in which the proportion of kids with MS additions from 25 % to 75 % [ 8 ] . Numerous literatures have stated that both hapless nutrition and low birth weight are risk factors for the development of early childhood cavities ( ECC ) . ECC is an early arising, potentially lay waste toing and deadly signifier of dental cavities. It non merely does dentitions, but consequences in hurting, infection and damage of unwritten map which leads to malnutrition and lessened quality of life. Under- or malnourished babies and babies with low birth weight are at hazard for enamel hypoplasia ( uncomplete formation of enamel ) [ 9 ] . Enamel hypoplasia may do an irregular enamel surface or stain, which can ensue in countries more prone to cavities. Therefore, pregnant female parents should be advised to optimise nutrition during the 3rd trimester and the baby ‘s first twelvemonth, when the enamel is undergoing ripening. Pregnancy Oral Tumor: Pyogenic granuloma ( or pregnancy tumour ) seems to be common in the conceiving female population. Pregnancy unwritten tumours are vascular lesions caused by increased Lipo-Lutin in combination with local thorns and bacteriums. Lesions are typically erythematous, smooth, and lobulated ; they are located chiefly on the gum. The lingua, roof of the mouth, or buccal mucous membrane may besides be involved. Pregnancy tumours are most common after the first trimester, turn quickly, and typically recede after bringing. Management is normally experimental unless the tumours bleed, interfere with chew, or do non decide after bringing. Lesions surgically removed during gestation are likely to repeat [ 10 ] . Loose ( Mobile ) Teeth: Dentitions can loosen during gestation, even in the absence of gum disease, because of increased degrees of Lipo-Lutin and estrogen impacting the periodontium ( i.e. , the ligaments and bone that support the dentition ) [ 1 ] . For unsophisticated loose dentitions non associated with periodontic disease, doctors should reassure patients that the status is impermanent, and entirely it will non do tooth loss [ 11 ] . Gingivitis: Gingivitis is the most common unwritten disease in gestation in such state of affairss. It is redness of the superficial gum tissue. During gestation, gingivitis is aggravated by fluctuations in estrogen and Lipo-Lutin degrees in combination with alterations in unwritten vegetations and a reduced immune response, therefore cut downing the organic structure ‘s ability to mend and keep gingival tissue [ 12 ] . Thorough unwritten hygiene steps, including tooth brushing and flossing, are recommended. Patients with terrible gingivitis may necessitate professional cleansing and demand to utilize mouth rinses such as chlorhexidine. Periodontal disease: Periodontal disease is a destructive redness of the periodontium impacting many adult females of childbearing age. The procedure involves bacterial infiltration of the periodontium. Toxins produced by the bacteriums stimulate a chronic inflammatory response, and the periodontium is broken down and destroyed, making pockets that become septic. Finally, the dentition loosen. This procedure can bring on perennial bacteraemia, which indirectly triggers the hepatic ague stage response, ensuing in production of cytokines, prostaglandins ( i.e. , PGE2 ) , and interleukins ( i.e. , IL-6, IL-8 ) , all of which can impact gestation [ 13 ] . Elevated degrees of these inflammatory markers have been found in the amnionic fluid of adult females with periodontal disease and preterm birth compared with healthy control patients [ 14 ] . In one survey, research workers found minimum unwritten bacteriums in the amnionic fluid and placenta of adult females with preterm labor and periodontal disease [ 15 ] . It seems likely that this inflammatory cascade entirely prematurely initiates labors due to early uterine contractions. The mechanism is thought to be similar for low birth weight ; the release of PGE2 restricts placental blood flow and causes placental mortification and attendant intrauterine growing limitation [ 16 ] . PRENATAL Guidance Prenatal unwritten wellness reding for parents is an of import factor because infant unwritten wellness begins at this phase. The chief aim is to bring forth consciousness among parents about dental disease, its bar and the agencies to supply a suited environment for the kid to develop. Prospective parents need to cognize that antenatal appraisal and instruction are indispensable to the unwritten wellness of their kid. Prenatal appraisal includes unwritten wellness position of the parent. If the parents are at hazard, the tooth doctor should supply preventative intervention and educate them on good plaque control, followed by Restorations if required and discourse the transmissibility of Mutans streptococci from the female parent to the baby. Parents should be monitored on a regular footing to guarantee effectual unwritten hygiene and dietetic wonts have been established. Improvement of the female parent ‘s unwritten hygiene, diet and the usage of oral cavity rinses can hold a important impact on the kid ‘s cavities rate in the hereafter [ 17 ] . Anticipatory counsel: Anticipatory counsel is the procedure of supplying practical, developmentally appropriate information about kids ‘s wellness to fix parents for the important physical, emotional and psychological mileposts. Anticipatory counsel involves three types of undertakings: ( I ) assemblage information, ( two ) set uping a curative confederation, and ( three ) supplying instruction and counsel. General prevenient counsel for the female parent includes the undermentioned [ 18 ] , [ 19 ] : ( a ) Education refering development and bar of dental disease and besides presentation of unwritten hygiene processs. ( B ) Reding to instil preventative attitudes and motive. ( degree Celsius ) Supplying information to pregnant adult females about gestation gingivitis ( redness of the gum caused by an exacerbated response to dental plaque, related to hormonal alterations during gestation ) . With gingivitis, the gums become inflamed, conceited, sensitive and tend to shed blood. Signs of gingivitis may go apparent in the 2nd trimester and extremum during the 9th month of gestation. ( vitamin D ) Visiting a tooth doctor for an scrutiny and Restoration of all active decay every bit shortly as executable and to diminish opportunities of developing gestation gingivitis. ( vitamin E ) Eating healthy nutrients such as fruits, veggies, grain merchandises ( particularly whole grain ) , and dairy merchandises ( milk, cheese ) during repasts and bites. Limit eating between repasts. ( degree Fahrenheit ) Eating nutrients incorporating merely sugar at mealtimes, and restricting the sum. Frequent ingestion of nutrients high in sugar additions the hazard for tooth decay. In add-on, frequent ingestion of nutrients that easy adhere to the tooth surface, such as dried fruit and confect, increase the hazard for tooth decay. ( g ) Brushing teeth exhaustively twice a twenty-four hours ( after breakfast and before bed ) with fluoridated toothpaste and flossing day-to-day. ( H ) Rinsing every dark with an alcohol-free, nonprescription fluoridated mouth rinse. ( I ) Not smoking coffin nails or masticating baccy. DENTAL PROCEDURES DURING PREGNANCY Every pregnant adult female should be assessed for dental hygiene wonts, unwritten jobs ( e.g. , cavities, gingivitis ) , and entree to dental attention [ 11 ] . Conversely, inauspicious gestation outcomes, such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and pre-eclampsia, occur in adult females who have non received intervention. Good unwritten wellness during gestation is of import to the overall wellness of both anticipant female parents and their babes. Relevant information sing the type of dental intervention that can be undertaken may be summarized as follows [ 18 ] , [ 19 ] : First trimester: It is the most important period for growing of fetus. Merely exigency dental intervention should be undertaken in audience with the patient ‘s doctor when organogenesis is uncomplete. Second and 3rd trimester: Emergency every bit good as elected dental intervention can be provided. The 3rd trimester presents the extra jobs of positional uncomfortableness and the hazard of vein caval compaction. Prop uping a adult female on her left side, shifting frequently, and maintaining visits brief can cut down jobs [ 20 ] . Postponing dental attention until after bringing can be debatable because new female parents are focused on the attention of their neonates and may hold alveolar consonant insurance merely during gestation [ 13 ] . Plaque diet control plans are initiated for female parent throughout gestation. Screening and Prevention: Oral scrutiny should include the dentitions, gums, lingua, roof of the mouth, and mucous membrane. Patients should be counselled to execute everyday brushing and flossing, to avoid inordinate sums of sugary bites and drinks, and to confer with a tooth doctor. Status of and programs for unwritten wellness should be documented. Many tooth doctors are reported to be loath to handle pregnant adult females [ 21 ] . Physicians and tooth doctors can get the better of this state of affairs through instruction, clear communicating, and the development of ongoing collaborative relationships. Doctors can portion information on the safety of dental intervention in gestation with dental co-workers and supply clear referral recommendations. Diagnosis: Dental skiagraphy may be performed in gestation for acute diagnostic intents [ 22 ] . When possible, skiagraphy should be delayed until after the first trimester. Screening skiagraphy should be deferred until after bringing. Modern fast movie, turning away of retakes, and usage of lead aprons and thyroid shields all bound hazard. The teratogenic hazard of radiation exposure from unwritten movies is 1,000 times less than the natural hazard of self-generated abortion or deformity [ 21 ] . Medicines for Dental processs: Local anaesthetics such as Lidocaine ( Xylocaine ) and prilocaine ( Citanest ) mixed with adrenaline are safe for processs when dosed suitably [ 23 ] . Sedatives such as benzodiazepines ( e.g. , Versed ) , lorazepam ( Ativan ) and triazolam ( Halcion ) should be avoided. Azotic oxide is non rated and its usage in gestation is controversial [ 24 ] . Periodontic Therapy: A randomized controlled test of 870 adult females with pregnancy-associated gingivitis found that intervention ( ie, plaque control, grading, and daily rinsing with 0.12 % chlorhexidine ) and care ( ie, unwritten hygiene direction and manual supragingival plaque remotion every 2 to 3 hebdomads until bringing ) significantly reduced the preterm birth or LBW rate [ 25 ] . Renewing Dentistry: Amalgam, a mixture of 50 % metallic quicksilver and other metals, has advantages over other renewing stuffs ; nevertheless, there is concern that quicksilver can be released as vapor, ions, or all right atoms, which can be inhaled or ingested. Surveies and instance studies of amalgam exposure during gestation have non documented any toxicity, including birth defects, neurologic sequelae, self-generated abortions, or decrease in birthrate [ 26 ] . A longitudinal rating of renewing stuffs employed in a minimum renewing intercession attack of 81 high caries-active pregnant adult females demonstrated that extremely syrupy glass ionomer cement applied in a minimum intercession attack provided high-quality preventative and renewing attention. The complex was employed in pits exposed to lower emphasis, such as in the anterior dentitions [ 27 ] . Dental Extraction: Tooth extraction during gestation seems to be a common thing. The many hormonal alterations during gestation cause many pregnant adult females to hold jobs that they did n't hold before they became pregnant. One of the things that happen is that the gum is much more sensitive to annoyance. They swell, become inflamed, turn ruddy, bleed and are frequently painful. These reactions are to the plaque environing the dentition. It is really common to hold gum job around a wisdom tooth and the surrounding gums merely acquire more aggravated while a adult female is pregnant. This is the primary ground that tooth extraction during gestation is non an uncommon experience.A Of class, tooth doctors would prefer to avoid tooth extraction during gestation. However, the best involvements of the kid must be thought of excessively. A female parent that is in changeless hurting while transporting a kid is emphasizing out her organic structure. This is likely non healthy for the kid. A tooth extraction process nowadays is really soft and many patients are non even aware that their tooth has been removed. Root Canal Treatment: Many pregnant adult females are concerned about the effects of a root canal process to their fetus. Obstetricians suggest that it is best to avoid exposing the developing babe to any hazards, even if they are minimum. Unfortunately, it is non the same to prorogue a root canal intervention as it is to prorogue a dentition whitening process. If the tooth doctor recommends a root canal during gestation, the hazards are associated with: Pain: Dentition that need root canal therapy are normally accompanied by terrible odontalgia. Continuous hurting during gestation can be a truly nerve-racking status with potentially negative effects to the female parent and fetus. Infection: The conditions when a root canal is recommended during gestation ever affect tooth infection. If the infection is left untreated for a long clip, the infection can distribute throughout the organic structure doing terrible complications. This is a status that will set a gestation into important danger. A safer attack to a root canal intervention during gestation: Obstetricians consider the first trimester as the most important for the development of the fetus. Any non-emergency dental work in the 1st trimester should be postponed until the 2nd trimester, to avoid all possible hazards. If needed the tooth doctor can open an abscessed tooth to let drainage and hurting alleviation, and clean the mush country every bit good as possible. Subsequently, when gestation enters the 2nd trimester, an X ray can be taken to let the completion of the root canal intervention. The same process can be followed for a job during the 3rd trimester ; concluding intervention is postponed until after the birth, if possible. Management of Acute Dental conditions: If mild cellulitis is present, penicillin, Amoxil, and Keflex are sensible first-line antibiotics. Erythromycin base ( non erythromycin estolate, which is associated with cholestatic hepatitis in gestation ) or clindamycin ( Cleocin ) can be used in the type 1 hypersensitivity penicillin-allergic patient. For terrible cellulitis, the patient should be hospitalized and treated with endovenous Mefoxins or clindamycin. To pull off dental hurting, Datril is the drug of pick ; isobutylphenyl propionic acid and limited usage of oxycodone are appropriate [ 11 ] . PREVENTIVE METHODS Although a figure of non-invasive preventative intercessions, traditional wellness instruction remains the gilded criterion for presenting the message to promote parents to subscribe to these preventative intercessions. By â€Å" traditional wellness instruction, † which means advice-giving Sessionss conducted by professionals and/or the airing of information via booklets, postings and media runs. Unfortunately, such attacks are non effectual [ 28 ] . Weinstein & A ; co workers, after biennial consequences of controlled test suggested that motivational interviewing ( MI ) guidance has a positive consequence on kids ‘s dental wellness that is greater than that of traditional wellness instruction [ 29 ] . The antimicrobic intervention ( topical application of Na fluoride ( NaF ) and iodine solution instantly after prophylaxis and 3 and 5 yearss subsequently ) for the pregnant female parent, 6 and 12 months after bringing had greater influence by cut downing the acquisition of MS from the female parent to the kids [ 30 ] . Kohler et Al ( 1994 ) used chlorhexidine ( CHX ) in female parents with a high degree of MS in spit and found that there is a decrease in the MS degree of spit of the female parent and besides had a long-run consequence on the MS colonisation and besides on the cavities experience of the kid [ 31 ] . A 30 month survey to measure the effectivity of a cavities preventative government ( 0.05 % Na fluoride and 0.12 % chlorhexidine oral cavity rinse everyday during 6 months of gestation till 24 months after bringing ) showed promising consequences on utilizing combination of fluoride and chlorhexidine [ 32 ] , [ 33 ] . Fluoride is the most widely known and accepted anti-caries agent available, and chlorhexidine is the most widely used plaque-inhibitory compound33. These agents have wholly different mechanisms of action, and their combined disposal produces a synergic consequence on mutans streptococci [ 33 ] . Xylitol and chlorhexidine lower maternal unwritten bacterial burden and cut down transmittal of bacteriums to babies when used tardily in gestation and/or in the postpartum period. Both topical agents are safe in gestation and during suckling [ 34 ] . Surveies have used different dosing degrees, and the optimum dosage for consistent bar is ill-defined. Long-run usage of high-dose xylitol mastication gums had good effects on plaque pH, and that this consequence was statistically greater when utilizing xylitol masticating gums, both on plaque pH and MS salivary concentration [ 35 ] . Decision Dental intervention is indispensable for optimum unwritten wellness, which extends to pregnancy. Routine dental visits can include the usage of X raies, unwritten prophylaxis, Restorations, interventional interventions like root canal interventions, periodontic surgeries and extractions because utilizing local anesthetics during gestation have non been found to be associated with an increased hazard to the developing fetus. Conversely, inauspicious gestation outcomes, such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and pre-eclampsia, occur in adult females who have non received intervention. However, gestation is a clip when adult females may be more motivated to do healthy alterations. Gynecologists and doctors can turn to maternal unwritten issues, potentially cut downing the hazard of preterm birth and childhood cavities through unwritten disease bar, diagnosing, early direction, and dental referral.

Ethics approaches Essay

Ethics approaches BY tealx021 Ethics in Communication After reading about the ethical considerations considering interpersonal and group communication, there are many similarities. The two differ in the sense of size. This leads to more considerations in the larger of the two, group communication, where there may be many different interpersonal relationships within the small group. However, for this analysis, like the book, I will focus on ethical considerations of the small group as a whole. Interpersonal relationships are unique in themselves, as each one is different han the next. One major ethical consideration in this context is fairness. When people are interdependent, or share mutuality, there are almost always issues of fairness or Justice that arise. These two issues are most commonly based off of individual’s feelings and relational satisfaction. In our culture, this sense of Justice or fairness can be attributed to the distribution of rewards in proportion to each partner’s contributions. Relationships are often times weighed on costs and rewards. When this cost-reward system is unbalanced in relationships, we often see issues rise. Another major consideration in interpersonal relationships is privacy and autonomy, or openness and closeness. In communication, this comes down to self- disclosure. Issues can arise if one partner in the relationship is disclosing too much or too little about themselves, and there is an unbalance between the two relational partners. One major issue in relationships is Jealousy, which can stem from any of these ethical considerations. In small-group communication, there are a few unique ethical considerations that arise. One major issue in small groups is groupthink. Groupthink is the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility. Another unique ethical consideration is issues that involve symbolic convergence within in-groups and out- groups. Symbolic convergence can create or develop stereotypes or exclusion within and outside a small group setting. Small-group and interpersonal relationships do also share ethical issues in communication. One of these is the issue of responsibility, which can be constituted as individual responsibility or the other affects responsibility of the whole relationship, and each one. In small-groups, individual responsibility can be hampered by groupthink or Symbolic convergence. In interpersonal relationships, individual responsibility can be hampered by lack of fairness, or lack of interdependence based on self-disclosure. Much or this is based on context, but interpersonal and small group communication share these same ethical considerations. Many of these ethical issues surrounding interpersonal communication can be channeled well through dialogical ethics. Dialogical ethics involves approaching decisions by considering attitudes and behaviors, and illingness or ability of each participant to surrender ones self-interest. This involves having an open mind, and viewing you and the relational partner as equals, almost putting yourself in the other person’s shoes, setting aside your perceptual interpersonal relationships. I can attribute this to my own experience, as I feel many of the arguments I have with friends or family members would be solved if we each put ourselves in each other’s shoes. A good approach to small-group communication is the virtue ethics approach. This approach puts a lot of emphasis on character, and oesn’t put a set of rules in place that could potentially cause ethical issues involved in groupthink or stereotypes. This approach would hold people accountable based on character, and would promote creativity and good ideas within a small group. In my own experience in small-groups, everything comes down to virtue, including responsibility, prudence, etc. Many issues could be solved with this approach in a small group context. Both mentioned approaches would fit well in both interpersonal and group relationships, but I feel that I have placed them in their best-fit places.

Pleasantville Essay

When David and Jenifer are tolerated to Pleasantries and are forced to play the part of Bud and Mary-sue the whole routine/script goes out of whack. We see Davit's fantasy at the start were the director has used a close up shot of David talking to the girl of his dreams. As the camera zooms out, It becomes obvious that he was Imagining talking to her the director uses this to portray Davit's character. From this we see that he Is a loner and Is socially awkward. To David this perfect world Is his reality.David knows everything bout Pleasantries all the characters the script everything there is to know. It almost seems to be a religion to him. For Jenifer this is only a fantasy and she doesn't like it she wants to bring her reality to this fantasy world. Change Change is commonly seen throughout the film and is represented in many ways. We not only see change In the characters but In the environment around them. The first sign of change we see Is the red rose that bud sees after his d ate with Mary-sue the director uses this to show the audience that everything Is about to change.The director also use costumes to show the change In Pleasantries, teenagers In Pleasantries start to wear more modern clothing that are bright and colorful. The director also introduces rain and fire to Pleasantries, which are all new experiences for people in Pleasantries. When the director introduces rain The main characters in the film change in some way through the film. Jenifer is a teenage girl trying to be cool by smoking and getting with guys. When Jenifer is tolerated to Pleasantries we e change as the film progresses.We see a glimpse of change in Jenifer when she picks up the glasses to read the book. Moments later as we see the camera move across we see the photograph of her wearing glasses. Another sign of change is when Margaret starts baking cookies for bud Instead of Whaley. When we see Bud and Margaret on their date at lover's lane we see Margaret pick an apple from a tr ee, the apple symbolizes the corruption of the real world. The forbidden fruit. The people in Pleasantries have very little knowledge. We see an example of this when Mary-sue ask, â€Å"What outside Pleasantries† Everyone looks at her as she was stupid.The teacher replies â€Å"Mary-sue you know better than that it goes around in a circle†. We also see another glimpse of there lack of knowledge when the tree catches on fire. When we see the tree on fire the director portrays both the people of Pleasantries and the tree on fire to show their confused and intrigued faces. When bud is at the fire station yelling â€Å"FIRE† the fire fighters are all confused it wasn't until e said â€Å"cat† that the fire fighter got into action but when they got there they didn't know what to do.In the end bud saves the day putting out the fire. The tree on fire is a major event in the film this is when the people of Pleasantries what to know more. We see an example of chan ge and knowledge when David was saying the ending to a book as he was saying what happened the black pages in the book started to fill. Creating new knowledge soon after all the books in Pleasantries were filled and everyone was at the library reading and gaining new knowledge. By Dylan South

Eurofood Case Analysis

EuroFood Case Analysis: History: EuroFood was created by French restaurateur, Mr Vigneau which specializes in the importing and distributing of food products from Europe to Hong Kong. EuroFood has faced a problem with inventory costs. The Olivier Company decided to buy EuroFood on the condition that inventory levels has to be reduced from its current level of 11 million Hong Kong Dollars to at least 4 million Hong Kong Dollars (assumption). In order to achieve the inventory reduction a plan of action has to proposed which details the solution to the current high levels of inventory. All the products brought to Hong Kong are shipped either by plane or through cargo boats (channels of distribution). The exclusively perishable products shipped through airplanes have no inventory records to be kept. The only inventory of Euro Foods is the products shipped via boats. The products shipped through boats are divided mainly into two types: 1. Complete Container: Contains products shipped from the same supplier. Complete container takes about 20 days to ship from Europe to Hong Kong and costs 0. Hong Kong Dollars per kilogram 2. Consolidated container: Contains products shipped from a group of suppliers using the same container as a rented facility. This shipping takes about 30 days to reach the customer and costs about 3 Hong Kong Dollars per kilogram. Main Problem: * The current level of inventory of Euro Foods is worth $11 million. This is too much compared to the Olivier Company which has the same volume of business as Euro Foods with a corresponding inventory level o f only $4 million. The order quantity is high due to wrong forecasting which leads to high inventory costs * Some products have higher inventory costs than its annual sales( Eg: The product Carton Peach has an inventory cost of $437,113 and an annual sale of $ 253,248 which led to profits of only $68,377) * Due to higher inventory levels of the products the annual profit from the respective products are significantly lower compared to products which has lower inventory level. There are too many product categories (around 200 different products) which has higher inventory levels and lower annual sales(Eg: The product Crozes Hermitage 1984 has $158 annual sales but the inventory level is $2045 and total profit is only $47) Solutions: * Cut down the products which has low profit and low annual sales but high inventory costs(Eg:Crozes Hermitage 1984 * Concentrate on top sale products like for example UHT Whipping cream 1 Liter, Portion Butter Unsalted etc. hose annual sales are high com pared to inventory costs * Make the forecasting of all products more accurate by using better forecasting techniques which can reduce the inventory level and ordering quantity more accurate * Top sale products like Whipping cream and Butter has to ordered more frequently based on the accurate forecast (using combined container) rather than storing it because these products can go bad easily. Combine the products from the same supplier to reduce the ordering quantity(Eg: Products from Supplier â€Å"Besnier† can be combined into the same container) * Negotiate with current suppliers to reduce the ordering cost * Seek third party distributors to get a lower shipping cost if negotiation with current suppliers does not work out. Assumption: * The holding costs and inventory costs affect the profit of the products * Time Frame in which the inventory reduction has to be achieved is irrelevant(Assumption)

The Four Noble Truths

The four noble truths are considered to be fundamental teachings of Gautama Buddha. These truths lay groundwork on how man should view his existence in this world. Others have viewed these teachings as being too pessimistic. This is because of the focus on suffering/pain as an inextricable component of life. The four noble truths aim at recategorizing man’s experience as cause and effect, skllful and unskillful rather than me/not me and being/not being (Bikkhu, 1999). The first noble truth discusses about the nature of suffering (dukkha).It claims that the latter is experienced through our relations with others, in aging, in birth, in death, and in illness (â€Å"Four Noble Truths,† 2007). In short, it is the case that everyone would encounter some sort of pain whether mental or physical. Gautama Buddha tells us that we must learn to know/understand as well as accept these sufferings as facts of life. The Second noble truth is centered on the origin of suffering/dukkha- samudaya. Accordingly one suffers because he/she craves, this can either be sensual, for eternal existence or for self-destruction.Craving (or tanha) is a corruption of one’s mind and as such ought to be avoided (â€Å"the Second Noble Truth,† 2005). There is a need for us to confront and rid ourselves of attachments, hate, and our delusions. Craving or desire can lead one to lie, cheat and steal— in short to live a dishonest life. Inability to get one’s object of desire also leads to anger and frustration; which would be self-destructive to the individual (â€Å"The Cause of Suffering,† 2007). To be controlled by one’s desire is to remain in ignorance.The latter is considered to be the inability to see the truth about things. In order for one to overcome this he/she must seek wisdom through meditation and study. The third noble truth is the end of suffering. This will be made possible if one is able to rid of his/her ill will, craving, and ignorance. When we are able to end suffering, we will be able to attain full/ultimate happiness. It is the case that as one is able to transcend his/her desires and consequently pain; he/she would be able to become increasingly at peace and happy.Buddhist calls this transcending as supreme enlightenment whereas the person is able to achieve the same clarity as Buddha. The two main features of being enlightened is wisdom and great compassion (â€Å"enlightenment,† 2006). The fourth noble truth tells us how we could end suffering. Buddha teaches us that we must take the middle path in order for us to be enlightened. This goes to say that one should not live the extremes of life. One must not live in total luxury and indulgence but he/she must also not live is pure ascetism.Both these extremes are prone to error, even the one which seeks absolute purification of one’s existence. In line with this middle path, Buddha formulates the systematic cure to suffering which is the eight fold path. The latter could be seen as â€Å"self-help† guide on how to achieve enlightenment by following different steps. I think that the teachings of Gautama Buddha with regards to the four noble truths can be applied in everyday living and modern meditation. I believe that even if one is not an official Buddhist; he/she would find meaning in these teachings.After all if we come to take a keener look at what these truths are saying; we would realize that they can be used to make one lead a more clear and peaceful kind of life. The truths that Buddha speaks of can be used by anyone wanting to achieve clarity of the mind and wishes to lead a life free from internal and external conflicts. It is the case in order for a person to achieve this he must first recognize that he/she is prone to afflict him/her and others. She must take into consideration that the things she does in life would be for the removal of superficial cravings instead of indulging in vanity, greed, and pride.I personally believe that we would be able to apply the teachings of Buddha in our day to day existence. The cessation of over-craving, and suffering would lead to a life of personal illumination. Overcoming these tendencies would not only aid our selves but also influence for the better our relationship with other people. Buddhism gives us a path to spirituality that manifest itself in the way we do and deal with life. References: Bhikku, A. ,(1999). The Four Noble Truths: A Study Guide. Retrieved September 14 2007, from http:// www.accesstoinsight. org/lib/study/truths. html. (n. d. ). Four Noble Truths. Retrieved September 13, 2007, from http://buddhism. 2be. net/Four_Noble_Truths. (2005). The Second Noble Truth. In Access Insight, Retrieved September 13, 2007, from http://www. accesstoinsight. org/ptf/dhamma/sacca/sacca2/index. html. Gyatso, G. K. , (2006). Buddhism and the Four Noble Truths. in Meditate in London. Retrieved September 14, 2007, from http://www. meditat einlondon. org. uk/buddhism-the-four-noble-truths. php

Empirical Enquiry and Critical Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Empirical Enquiry and Critical Thought - Essay Example Using the rule of categorical imperative Kant suggested we therefore dare to give our promise, because there is still value in it, as tantamount to how we think and make our choice. We make promises because we think we have to fulfill them. We therefore have the positive choice to accomplish what we need to accomplish based on what we have promised. This is a remarkable indication of a good will if we want to come to consider the whole idea of Kant concerning the ethics associated with duty. For Kant, in understanding the moral requirements, it is important that we act not out of inclination, but out of duty because doing so the latter is inherent of a good will. The work at hand considers some thoughts how might Kant’s example of the ‘promise’ be useful in contemporary society together with the theory linked to this and how this might have meaningful application in modern day event. Moral Law A false promise therefore according to Kant is a contradiction to the m oral law, but what makes it a significant conflict is not the associated consequence, but the way on how people think and make choices (Kerstein, 2004, p.168; Jecker, 2011, p.151). Kant believed that there is moral law that governs standard of rationality leading us to the implementation of moral requirements. In line with this moral law, irrational acts are therefore leading mankind to immorality. I agree with the idea of Kant and in the same way as how Locke and Hobbes, the other philosophers argued that the standard of rationality paves the way for moral requirements (De La Sierra, 2012, p.270; Morris, 1999, p.185; Paul et al., 2008, p.223). Understanding the idea of Kant leads me to the thought that he has a good point why he argued that we should not look at the consequence of an action, but rather on the actual intention prior to doing it. Suppose a business man owed a debt to a business partner and signed a promissory note to pay the actual cash incurred at a specified time a nd amount. This business man has a principle that he could just get around his obligation by adhering to a ‘false promise’ and continue to generate financial gain out of it. The key idea in this given example concerns whether the business man who is indebted to pay is living under the principle of moral law. Certainly, the man’s false promise is out of inclination and not out of duty. If all would make a false promise to make advantage of it, there would certainly come a time that everyone would not take promise seriously. In other words, the business man’s ultimate principle is a contradiction itself, because he could never gain from it, as the ultimate point of his inclination in the first place. In this case, if we based it on the idea of Kant, it is not the consequence that would tell us about a morally important thing, but the business person’s way of thinking, something invisible, but essential in understanding the moral law. Garrett (2006) sh owed that the ‘categorical imperative,’ just as how Kant explained would make it possible for us to understand the moral law. Duty of Ethics We can only generate general or substantial understanding of Kant’s example of promise if we come to consider his theory of the Duty of Ethics. As already stated, we need to understand what moral

The CAtcher in the Rye Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The CAtcher in the Rye - Essay Example Holden, as narrator, treats the events of the book as separate from the rest of his life, not feeling it worth getting into â€Å"all that David Copperfield kind of crap† (1). He is attempting to treat his life separate from his psychological condition; however, without intending to do so, he illustrates how very connected it really is. Without the brief bits of information we receive about his younger brother Allie, it would be difficult to understand the events of the book and Holden’s motivations. Through a psychological examination of Holden’s breakdown, we can see that many of the attitudes expressed by Holden and his irrational behavior can all be traced back to the death of his younger brother when he was thirteen. It is significant that the traumatic death of Holden’s brother Allie took place at thirteen. This is the age that is generally considered the be the end of childhood and the beginning of the teenager years. This is often a difficult time for people as they are beginning to experience sexuality and find that the world is not what they were led to believe when they were children. James Bryan states that Holden â€Å"is hypersensitive to the exploitations and insensitivity of the post-pubescent world and to the fragile innocence of children† (1065). He is forced to accept the unfairness of the adult world when Allie died, which he did not handle well by any means: â€Å"I was only thirteen, and they were going to have me psychoanalyzed and all, because I broke all the windows in the garage† (38-39). Unable to handle his emotions, he acts out in a destructive manner, which becomes a pattern for him for the rest of the book. His brother Allie for him represented inno cence and the way people should act: â€Å"He was always the nicest, in a lot of ways. He never got mad at anybody† (38). Allie’s death represented the adult

Sustainable Operations Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainable Operations Paper - Essay Example Soon companies started realizing that profits and profitability are not the only factors of long term development but future of the people and the planet are also key elements for sustainable operations. Hence, these new objectives were classified as the triple bottom line (3BL) which included the three P’s of people, profit and planet. After all the recent developments and expansions, people have started to ask for more than mere salaries and profits. They now emphasize on factors like improved performance on environmental, health and safety issues. So now Wal-Mart has to make the decision of investing in such activities of environmental and health concerns and how do follow them in the most efficient and cost effective method. Wal-Mart, 2009. Media OnSugar [http://media.onsugar.com/files/ons4/2009/12/53/307/3075777/e343f2c5ac55a097_350px-Sustainable_development.svg.xlarge.jpg] â€Å"At Wal-Mart, we know that being an efficient and profitable business and being a good stewar d of the environment are goals that can work together. Our broad environmental goals at Wal-Mart are simple and straightforward: To be supplied 100 percent by renewable energy; To create zero waste; To sell products that sustains people and the environment. Our efforts have been recognized through  numerous awards, which would not be possible without the support of our customers, associates and communities around the world.† (Wal-mart, 2012) Wal-Mart launched a global business strategy of sustainability to lessen the business’s burden on the global environment and hence become one of the leading supply-chain companies in the world. They aimed to be named as the most competitive and innovative company in the world. The emphasis was then on the fact that objective of profitability was going to be taken along with the implementation of development of the environment. (Wal-Mart, 2012) The management at Wal-Mart knew that they had to carry the program of improvement of env ironment along with business profitability to gain sustainable operations and growth in longer term. Wal-Mart hired a popular firm, Blu Skye for an overall analysis of the environmental impact and for consultation on issues related to sustainability in the globalized world. Wal-Mart collaborated with other companies as well which included; Conservation International (CI) and Environmental Defense (ED). ( Farfan, 2011) The team of Wal-Mart executives had identified 3 primary areas of environmental goals which mainly included; energy, waste and products. All these are divided into two sections; direct goals and indirect goals. Direct goals include increasing energy efficiency, transitioning to renewable energy and reducing waste in retail operations. All these were in immediate control of Wal-Mart and can be classified as primary factors. Indirect goals included basic operations and relationship with the suppliers. They focused more on sustainable operations and entire value chain of Wal-Mart. (Herrera, 2010) All the sustainable operations drive led by the management of Wal-Mart was highly confused as being more of philanthropist nature. After serious concerns and meeting, the idea was brought into the mind of many who were confused to clear all the misconceptions about the business handling being carried out. They stated that all the business activity carried out by Wal-Mart was not