Major General Benjamin Lincoln - American Revolution

Major General Benjamin Lincoln - American Revolution Benjamin Lincoln - Early Life: Born at Hingham, MA on January 24, 1733, Benjamin Lincoln was the son of Colonel Benjamin Lincoln and Elizabeth Thaxter Lincoln. The sixth child and first son of the family, the younger Benjamin benefited from his fathers prominent role in the colony. Working on the familys farm, he attended school locally. In 1754, Lincoln entered public service when he assumed the post of Hingham town constable. A year later, he joined the 3rd Regiment of the Suffolk County militia. His fathers regiment, Lincoln served as adjutant during the French Indian War. Though he did not see action in the conflict, he attained the rank of major by 1763. Elected a town selectman in 1765, Lincoln became increasingly critical of British policy towards the colonies. Condemning the Boston Massacre in 1770, Lincoln also encouraged Hingham residents to boycott British goods. Two years later, he earned a promotion to lieutenant colonel in the regiment and won election to the Massachusetts legislature. In 1774, following the Boston Tea Party and passage of the Intolerable Acts, the situation in Massachusetts rapidly changed. That fall, Lieutenant General Thomas Gage, who had been appointed governor by London, dissolved the colonial legislature. Not to be deterred, Lincoln and his fellow legislators reformed the body as the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and continued meeting. In short order this body became the government for the entire colony except British-held Boston. Due to his militia experience, Lincoln oversaw committees on military organization and supply. Benjamin Lincoln - The American Revolution Begins: In April 1775, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord and the start of the American Revolution, Lincolns role with the congress expanded as he assumed a position on its executive committee as well as its committee of safety. As the Siege of Boston commenced, he worked to direct supplies and food to the American lines outside the city. With the siege continuing, Lincoln received a promotion in January 1776 to major general in the Massachusetts militia. Following the British evacuation of Boston in March, he focused his attention on improving the colonys coastal defenses and later directed attacks against the remaining enemy warships in the harbor. Having achieved a degree of success in Massachusetts, Lincoln began pressing the colonys delegates to the Continental Congress for a suitable commission in the Continental Army. As he waited, he received a request to bring a brigade of militia south to assist General George Washingtons army at New York. Marching south in September, Lincolns men reached southwest Connecticut when they received orders from Washington to mount a raid across Long Island Sound. As the American position in New York collapsed, new orders arrived directing Lincoln to join Washingtons army as it retreated north. Helping to cover the American withdrawal, he was present at the Battle of White Plains on October 28. With the enlistments of his men expiring, Lincoln returned to Massachusetts later in the fall to aid in raising new units. Later marching south, he took part in operations in the Hudson Valley in January before finally receiving a commission in the Continental Army. Appointed a major general on February 14, 1777, Lincoln reported to Washingtons winter quarters at Morristown, NJ. Benjamin Lincoln - To the North: Placed in command of the American outpost at Bound Brook, NJ, Lincoln came under attack by Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis on April 13. Badly outnumbered and nearly surrounded, he successfully extricated the bulk of his command before retreating. In July, Washington dispatched Lincoln north to aid Major General Philip Schuyler in blocking an offensive south over Lake Champlain by Major General John Burgoyne. Tasked with organizing militia from New England, Lincoln operated from a base in southern in southern Vermont and began planning raids on the British supply lines around Fort Ticonderoga. As he worked to grow his forces, Lincoln clashed with Brigadier General John Stark who refused to subjugate his New Hampshire militia to Continental authority. Operating independently, Stark won a decisive victory over Hessian forces at the Battle of Bennington on August 16. Benjamin Lincoln - Saratoga: Having built a force of around 2,000 men, Lincoln began moving against Fort Ticonderoga in early September. Sending three 500-man detachments forward, his men attacked on September 19 and captured everything in the area except the fort itself. Lacking siege equipment, Lincolns men withdrew after four days of harassing the garrison. As his men regrouped, orders arrived from Major General Horatio Gates, who had replaced Schuyler in mid-August, requesting that Lincoln bring his men to Bemis Heights. Arriving on September 29, Lincoln found that the first part of the Battle of Saratoga, the Battle of Freemans Farm, had already been fought. In the wake of the engagement, Gates and his chief subordinate, Major General Benedict Arnold, fell out leading to the latters dismissal. In reorganizing his command, Gates ultimately placed Lincoln in command of the armys right. When the second phase of the battle, the Battle of Bemis Heights, began on October 7, Lincoln remained in command of the American defenses while other elements of the army advanced to meet the British. As the fighting intensified, he directed reinforcements forward. The following day, Lincoln led a reconnaissance force forward and was wounded when a musket ball shattered his right ankle. Taken south to Albany for treatment, he then returned to Hingham to recover. Out of action for ten months, Lincoln rejoined Washingtons army in August 1778. During his convalescence, he had contemplated resigning over seniority issues but had been convinced to remain in the service. In September 1778, Congress appointed Lincoln to command the Southern Department replacing Major General Robert Howe. Benjamin Lincoln - In the South: Delayed in Philadelphia by Congress, Lincoln did not arrive at his new headquarters until December 4. As a result, he was unable to prevent the loss of Savannah later that month. Building his forces, Lincoln mounted a counter-offensive in Georgia in the spring of 1779 until a threat to Charleston, SC by Brigadier General Augustine Prevost forced him to fall back to defend the city. That fall, he utilized the new alliance with France to launch an attack against Savannah, GA. Partnering with French ships and troops under Vice Admiral Comte dEstaing, the two men laid siege to the city on September 16. As the siege dragged on, dEstaing became increasingly concerned about the threat posed to his ships by hurricane season and requested that the allied forces assault the British lines. Reliant on French support for continuing the siege, Lincoln had no choice but to agree. Moving forward, American and French forces attacked on October 8 but were unable to break through the British defenses. Though Lincoln pressed to continue the siege, dEstaing was unwilling to further risk his fleet. On October 18, the siege was abandoned and dEstaing departed the area. With the French departure, Lincoln retreated back to Charleston with his army. Working to strengthen his position at Charleston, he came under attack in March 1780 when a British invasion force led by Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton landed. Forced into the citys defenses, Lincolns men were soon besieged. With his situation rapidly worsening, Lincoln attempted to negotiate with Clinton in late April to evacuate the city. These efforts were rebuffed as were later attempts to negotiate a surrender. On March 12, with part of city burning and under pressure from civic leaders, Lincoln capitulated. Surrendering unconditionally, the Americans were not granted the traditional honors of war by Clinton. The defeat proved one of the worst of the conflict for the Continental Army and remains the US Armys third-largest surrender. Benjamin Lincoln - Yorktown: Paroled, Lincoln returned to his farm in Hingham to await his formal exchange. Though he requested a court of inquiry for his actions at Charleston, none was ever formed and no charges were brought against him for his conduct. In November 1780, Lincoln was exchanged for Major General William Phillips and Baron Friedrich von Riedesel who had been captured at Saratoga. Returning to duty, he spent the winter of 1780-1781 recruiting in New England before moving south to rejoin Washingtons army outside New York. In August 1781, Lincoln marched south as Washington sought to trap Cornwallis army at Yorktown, VA. Supported by French forces under Lieutenant General Comte de Rochambeau, the American army arrived at Yorktown on September 28. Leading the armys 2nd Division, Lincolns men took part in the resulting Battle of Yorktown. Besieging the British, the Franco-American army compelled Cornwallis to surrender on October 17. Meeting with Cornwallis at the nearby Moore House, Washington demanded the same harsh conditions that the British had required of Lincoln the year before at Charleston. At noon on October 19 the French and American armies lined up to await the British surrender. Two hours later the British marched out with flags furled and their bands playing The World Turned Upside Down. Claiming he was ill, Cornwallis sent Brigadier General Charles OHara in his stead. Approaching the allied leadership, OHara attempted to surrender to Rochambeau but was told by the Frenchman to approach the Americans. As Cornwallis was not present, Washington directed OHara to surrender to Lincoln, who was now serving as his second-in-command. Benjamin Lincoln - Later Life: At the end of October 1781, Lincoln was appointed Secretary of War by Congress. He remained in this post until the formal end of hostilities two years later. Resuming his life in Massachusetts, he began speculating on land in Maine as well as negotiated treaties with the areas Native Americans. In January 1787, Governor James Bowdoin asked Lincoln to lead a privately-funded army to put down Shays Rebellion in the central and western parts of the state. Accepting, he marched through the rebelling areas and put and end to large-scale organized resistance. Later that year, Lincoln ran and won the post of lieutenant governor. Serving one term under Governor John Hancock, he remained active in politics and participated in the Massachusetts convention that ratified the US Constitution. Lincoln later accepted the position of collector for the Port of Boston. Retiring in 1809, he died at Hingham on May 9, 1810 and was buried in the towns cemetery. Selected Sources History of War: Benjamin LincolnPatriot Resource: Benjamin Lincoln Massachusetts Historical Society: Benjamin Lincoln

Lebensraum - Hitlers Policy of Eastern Expansion

Lebensraum - Hitlers Policy of Eastern Expansion The geopolitical concept of Lebensraum (German for living space) was the idea  that land expansion was essential to the survival of a people. Used originally to support colonialism, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler adapted the concept of Lebensraum to support his quest for German expansion to the east. Who Came up With the Idea of Lebensraum? The concept of Lebensraum (living space)  originated with German geographer and ethnographer  Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904). Ratzel studied how humans reacted to their environment and were especially interested in human migration. In 1901, Ratzel published an essay called Der Lebensraum (The Living Space), in which he posited that all peoples (as well as animals and plants) needed to expand their living space in order to survive. Many in Germany believed Ratzels concept of  Lebensraum supported their interest in establishing colonies, following the examples of the British and French empires. Hitler, on the other, hand, took it a step farther. Hitlers Lebensraum In general, Hitler agreed with the concept of expansion to add more living space for the German Volk (people). As he stated in his book,  Mein Kampf: [W]ithout consideration of traditions and prejudices, it [Germany] must find the courage to gather our people and their strength for an advance along the road that will lead this people from its present restricted living space to new land and soil, and hence also free it from the danger of vanishing from the earth or of serving others as a slave nation.- Adolf Hitler,   Mein Kampf   1 However, rather than adding colonies to make Germany larger, Hitler wanted to enlarge Germany within Europe. For it is not in colonial acquisitions that we must see the solution of this problem, but exclusively in the acquisition of a territory for settlement, which will enhance the area of the mother country, and hence not only keep the new settlers in the most intimate community with the land of their origin, but secure for the total area those advantages which lie in its unified magnitude.- Adolf Hitler,   Mein Kampf 2 Adding living space was believed to strengthen Germany by helping solve internal problems, make it militarily stronger, and help make Germany become economically self-sufficient by adding food and other raw material sources. Hitler looked east for Germanys expansion in Europe. It was in this view that Hitler added a racist element to Lebensraum. By stating that the Soviet Union was run by Jews (after the Russian Revolution), then Hitler concluded Germany had a right to take Russian land. For centuries Russia drew nourishment from this Germanic nucleus of its upper leading strata. Today it can be regarded as almost totally exterminated and extinguished. It has been replaced by the Jew. Impossible as it is for the Russian by himself to shake off the yoke of the Jew by his own resources, it is equally impossible for the Jew to maintain the mighty empire forever. He himself is no element of organization, but a ferment of decomposition. The Persian empire in the east is ripe for collapse. And the end of Jewish rule in Russia will also be the end of Russia as a state.- Adolf Hitler,   Mein Kampf   3 Hitler was clear in his book  Mein Kampf  that the concept of Lebensraum was essential to his ideology.  In 1926, another important book about Lebensraum was published Hans Grimms book  Volk ohne Raum  (A People without Space). This book became a classic on Germanys need for space and the books title soon became a popular National Socialist slogan. In Summary In Nazi ideology, Lebensraum meant the expansion of Germany to the east in search of a unity between the German Volk and the land (the Nazi concept of Blood and Soil). The Nazi-modified theory of Lebensraum became Germanys foreign policy during the Third Reich. Notes 1. Adolf Hitler,  Mein Kampf  (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971) 646.2. Hitler,  Mein Kampf  653.3. Hitler,  Mein Kampf  655. Bibliography Bankier, David. Lebensraum.  Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. Israel Gutman (ed.) New York: Macmillan Library Reference, 1990. Hitler, Adolf.  Mein Kampf. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971. Zentner, Christian and Friedmann Bedà ¼rftig (eds.).  The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. New York: Da Capo Press, 1991.

Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Civil War - Essay Example The civil war between the North and the South served as crossroads for the development of the nation in future. In order to understand the American nation as a whole, the civil war has to be studied as it has been claimed that â€Å"what America is today† is due to the civil war of the nineteenth century. The civil war has played a key role in defining the existence and character of the United States of today. Before the civil war, America was viewed as a nation segregated into different states. The civil war transformed America into a comprehensive nation comprising of several states and is named as the United States of America. The most important cause for the civil war in America from 1861 to 1865 was the issue if slavery (Rhodes, 2009). The civil war is seen as the internal war between the states of America. The Northern states were opponents of slavery and never supported the issue as it did not resemble the true spirits of America. The Northern sates formed the Union. Th e Southern states depended on slavery for sustaining the growth of economy. The civil war gained momentum when the slavery was proposed to be spread to the western states. Due to opposite views, the Southern states of America that were slave states declared secession from the Union. The southern states of America wanted themselves free from the shackles of the Union and wanted a separate existence. The Southern states declared a separate confederation of states in America as a symbol of the secession. The Union wanted to keep United States in tact and had the intentions of setting the states free from slavery. As a result of this, a bloody civil war occurred between the northern and the southern states that continued over a period of four years. There was no intervention of foreign power in the civil war of America. The civil war resulted in huge loss of infrastructure and loss of lives of the people of America. More than 600,000 soldiers were killed in the war and the properties an d infrastructure of the southern states were devastated. The confederation of the southern states ultimately collapsed and it was possible to finally get rid of slavery. The process of reconstruction of the nation led to the restoration of national unity. The slaves were freed and individual were granted fundamental rights of freedom. Thus the civil war was the platform for the formation of national unity and integrity of the states of America (Mitchell, 2001). The abolition of slavery and grant of fundamental rights and freedom to the individuals led to the formation of United States of America. Thus, an analysis of the civil war, its causes and consequences are important to understand the identity, existence and character of today’s United States of America. Cause of victory of North despite resistance of South The civil war that started between the Northern and the Southern states of America observed some fierce encounters. There were fierce resistances put up by the South ern state generals in order to save their confederation of states. The Union under the leadership of Abraham Lincoln sent the forces to capture the southern states as they differed from the policies of the Union. The resistance and fight put up by the southern generals like Robert Lee and Stonewall Jackson were brilliant in order to defend their cause and inflicted huge damage on the Northern states. Under the orders of Abraham Lincoln,

Motivation Techniques in Workforce Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Motivation Techniques in Workforce - Case Study Example Big Ray’s company is supposed to have good human resource policies (Bernanke 23). It gives fair treatment to all employees and has a no-layoff policy. It is recommended that the human resource managers be motivating their employees to be more productive by offering incentives. The incentives include a medical cover, gifts etc.   There is a need for Big Ray’s company to promote a team spirit where everyone in the organization is made to believe that they â€Å"are in this thing together† (Bernanke 25). This will apply to all managers and employees. Great things will be achieved when people work together.   Communication problems are supposed to be resolved in order to enhance loyalty. Lack of communication is interpreted by employees as not caring. Open and frequent communication with employees at Big Ray’s company will build trust and diminishes fear. Communication is important because employees will air their grievances and make suggestions. This is important at the Big Ray’s company because of the nature of the job. This should be maintained because it boosts the morale of workers.   Motivation is important in any work because it increases job performance (Bernanke 27). Employees who are motivated to work by being given bonuses increase their output than their counterparts who are not given bonuses, financial incentives etc.   Employees work well in an environment that is free of too much noise and health hazards. For example, the area where the materials at Big Ray’s company is handled, cut and processed is loud and dangerous. This is supposed to be reduced in order to compete with their competitors who offer good working conditions to their employees.

Promotional Activities Essay Example for Free

Promotional Activities Essay Section 1.0 Introduction Throughout this assignment, I will be producing a plan of a promotion campaign for an existing business. I have decided to choose Marks and Spencer Plc. I will be looking at how Marks and Spencer use promotional activities and incorporate them into a promotional mix creating a vital choice in the success of the promotion campaign. As well, I will be considering whether promotional activities can affect a business’ final choice of promotional mix. Marks and Spencer Plc are located all over the UK, with currently 600 stores that range from the large stores to the simply food stores, but their largest store is situated at Marble Arch on London’s Oxford Street. By 1975 Marks and Spencer had opened over 285 international stores. The locations of all Marks and Spencer have nearby bus stops and car parks enabling it to be accessible to its customers, in addition, a large number for the stores have collect by car facilities for customers to pick up their goods at a later time. They currently employ over 75,000 employees in the UK and internationally. Marks and Spencer was founded by Michael Marks in 1884. He opened a stall at Leeds Kirkgate Market and all the items were sold for a penny. In 1894 Thomas Spencer invested  £300 to become Michael’s partner in the company.  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ Marks and Spencer have a very user friendly website, that shows their aims and objectives that they want to achieve to be a successful business. It provides links to their promotions and to their online shopping. I will be using this website throughout my coursework. (See appendix A). They have a lot of competition that is mainly the large supermarket chains Sainsbury’s, Tesco, Asda who are all wanting customers to come to their stores because they have the products that customers are looking for at the right price for them. They do not specialise for a specific target market as  they cater for women, men and children in clothing, however their food lines tend to be the more luxurious, high quality and expensive. Their market share is 10.7% for clothing and footwear (See appendix B) and for food the market share is 3.9%. (See appendix B). Their annual turnover in the UK is  £8.16 billion and internationally is  £898 million. (See appendix B). To ensure a business succeeds within the promotional mix, promotion is key in achieving this. I will be looking in depth to see whether Marks and Spencer have achieved this or whether they need more advertisement enabling their customers to become aware of their aims and objectives in finalising the promotion. Marks and Spencer’s objectives are: Continue to invest in and grow our core UK retail business, by introducing new goods and services. Strengthen our UK property portfolio. Drive our MS Direct business. Expand our International business. Integrate Plan A (our ‘eco plan’) into every aspect of how we do business, so that we grow in a sustainable way.

Web-based Communication :: essays papers

Currently society is in its 20th century, and quickly emerging into the 21st century technology has and will be reaching great heights. The education field is one of the most considerably effected domains in the advancement of the technology â€Å"revolution†. According to Stoner (1997), technology in the future is looking towards increased online/distance learning, virtual field trips, and audio files of music. As the technological world evolves so should the local community. Many of the latest educational technology will require two-way communication in the virtual community. Author of Virtually in the Middle defines the virtual community as a â€Å"Web-based communication forum. It is an interactive electronic space on the Internet in which diverse individuals can raise questions, share ideas, plan activities, congregate, and learn. This kind of dialogue and communication that would occur in this kind of virtual community is referred to as â€Å"asynchronous† or â€Å"delayed† conferencing, which is a time-free discussion of topic strands. †(Beghettio, 2001, p.22). First, method in which parents can increase communication to teacher is by logging on to the net. Parents can log on to school web sites, view lessons, objectives, goals, homework assignments, and student’s attendance. Currently, most counties nation wide provides a break down of state, county, and local web site for schools. For example, Maryland has a web site for all of its’ counties, that further break down to elementary, secondary, and high school. Listed on these sites are things like the school mission, contact information for facilities, special programs, individual classroom homework, and agenda for the week. Secondly, communication via web-based allow user-friendly e-mail exchange between all parents and educators. Many families in America have a functioning computer with access to the Internet. Those families who do not own a home computer have access to e-mail at work. On the flip side teachers who have Internet-connection at school make sending e-m ail one of the most popular usages. The graph in Educational Media and Technology Yearbook displays e-mail as the highest-ranking form of utilizing computers (Educational Media and Technology, 2004). Parents can be alerted via e-mail when their child needs further studying, absent form class, or to praise their child’s improvements. Third, linking parents to resources to assist in their child’s assignments can also be done via web-base.

Did Black Power Groups Harm The Struggle For Civil Rights?

Did Black Power groups harm the struggle for civil rights? After the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Act of 1965 it seemed as though those who advocated peaceful protests had got what they wanted. The government passed laws which theoretically gave black people an equal standing with white people. However, in reality discrimination was still rife in many parts of America and the majority of black people lived in poverty, a hard condition to break out of.It can be said that Black Power groups actually helped Martin Luther King’s passive resistance policy as people didn’t want to support violence and King’s less controversial methods were then able to appeal to a wider group. However, Black Power groups can also be blamed for harming the struggle for civil rights. Two contrasting groups were both fighting against the ill treatment of black people and Americans were made to choose who to support.With Black Power groups using such violent methods many turned to Martin Luther King and began to support him. Having groups using physical force and demanding unrealistic changes suddenly made King’s methods seem much more attractive and his aims far more reasonable. Nonetheless, King’s tactics were proving slow to procure any drastic changes and particularly in the North, Midwest and West, black Americans had gained little from King’s Civil Right Movement.Groups turning to violence to obtain results sent a message to the Americans that something should be done about the economic and social deprivation that black people faced. Black Power groups brought a sense of pride in being black and in the beginning during fundraising; Black Power was able to have an impact in many different areas of America, they helped in the ghettos which had not felt King’s influence and provide help for poor school children.However, seeing black people using violence only cemented some Americans views of black people being inferior to whi tes. They saw the brute force being applied by Black Power groups as typical for every black person and thus were reluctant to give any rights to black people. The use of violence may have even brought back King’s own movement, in white people’s eyes he was tainted by association, they placed black people all in the same class.The ghetto riots between 1964-1968 hindered the civil rights movement, black people fought among themselves and there were hundreds at fatalities and thousands of arrests and injuries, the government was loath to give rights to the people who had caused such devastation in America. The relative unity that King had created within the Civil Rights Movement during the Freedom Rides was disrupted by the formation of Black Power groups, this hampered the movement as previously all the groups had been working together toward a mutual goal.Black Power groups did not really have defined aims, leaders such as Carmichael were constantly changing their idea s leaving people unsure as to what Black Power groups were actually protesting against. In conclusion, Martin Luther King’s policy of ‘passive resistance’ and using love as a ‘weapon’ were not producing the results that black people wanted, poor people especially found it hard to relate to King as he was well-off, those living in ghettos responded more to the philosophy of Black Power.The moral high ground that King had worked so hard to obtain was shattered by Black Power and their idea that white people were inferior. Black Power groups enabled people to realise that something had to be done about the level of injustice that black people faced and although their methods were questionable it cannot be denied that they produced results.

Review Of Nebulization And Respiration Health And Social Care Essay

Relevant literatures refer to those that are of import in supplying the in-depth cognition needed to do alterations in pattern or to analyze a selected job. The related literatures for this survey are divided into the undermentioned classs. 2.1 Incidence, prevalence, causes and hazard factors of respiratory diseases. 2.2 Effectiveness of nebulization in kids with respiratory conditions. 2.3 Effectiveness of nebulization with O in kids with respiratory diseases.2.1 Incidence, Prevalence, Causes and Risk factors of Respiratory Diseases in Children:Every twelvemonth ARI ( including both upper and lower ) histories for an estimated 3.9 million deceases worldwide. It is estimated that India, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Nepal together account for 40 % of the planetary mortality load. On an norm, kids below 5 old ages of age suffer about 5 episodes of ARI per kid every twelvemonth, which accounts about 238 million onslaughts. ARI is responsible for about 30-50 % of outpatient visits to wellness attention installations and about 20-40 % of paediatric admittances to infirmary. It is besides a taking cause of hearing loss as a sequele of ague otitis media ( Vashishth, 2010 ) . Acute respiratory infections continue to remain among the chief causes of child mortality. Even in the general population, they are the taking cause of acute morbidities globally. Estimates suggest that the incidence denseness of ARI among under five kids in developing and developed states is 0.29 which histories for 151 million and 5 million new episodes each twelvemonth. India with 43 million bear the maximum brunt of respiratory diseases in the development states ( Sanjay Chaturvedi,2010 ) . A transverse sectional community based survey was conducted to find the prevalence of and the socio demographic factors that contribute bronchial asthma among kids aged 6-15 old ages in Mangalore ; India. Using random sampling technique, 559 kids were selected as samples. The prevalence of bronchial asthma was found to be 10.3 % with a higher prevalence in male childs ( 12.1 % ) .A important reverse additive tendency with increasing age, and a positive association with household history of asthma were besides observed in the survey ( Jain.A, Bhat.V, 2010 ) . A prospective cohort survey was conducted in Cochin, India to find whether anaemia is a hazard factor for childhood asthma. Two hundred kids between the age group of 2-18 old ages, with both anaemia and upper and lower respiratory tract infections were enrolled in the survey as samples. Hundred kids with anaemia were taken as the survey group and another 100 without anaemia were taken as control group. All the kids were subjected to probes like CBC appraisal, CRP appraisal, Mantoux trial and chest X ray. Pneumonic map trial was performed on kids above six old ages of age who showed the grounds of asthma. Peripheral vilification, serum ferritin and serum Fe adhering capacity were estimated for all anaemic kids. The survey found anaemia is a hazard factor for childhood asthma and anaemic kids were 5.75 times more susceptible to wheezing onslaughts when compared to kids without anaemia ( Ramakrishnan.K,2010 ) . An extended study was conducted in India to find the clip tendencies and overall prevalence of bronchial asthma in kids. The survey consequences showed that the variables like differences in samples, primary result variables, incompatibility in age class, rural-urban fluctuation, standards for positive diagnosing, and survey instruments confounded the result variables. The average prevalence was 4.75 % . Overall average prevalence was found to be 2.74. Childhood asthma among kids between the age group of 13 – 14 old ages was lower than that in the younger kids between 6 – 7 old ages of age. The prevalence was more in urban dwellers and in male kids. A broad inter-regional fluctuation in prevalence was besides observed by the research worker. The survey findings indicated that the load of bronchial asthma in Indian kids was higher than that was antecedently understood ( Ranabir Pal, 2009 ) . An extended study was conducted in Italy with the purpose of look intoing the effects of cars on asthma symptoms and to analyze the cogency of ego reported traffic exposure.33, 632 kids of age 6-7 old ages and striplings were enrolled in the survey. Data was collected by administering standardised questionnaire to the parents and besides by self coverage of exposure by kids. External and internal proof methods were used to measure the possible response prejudice of ego reported traffic exposure. The consequences showed that the kids populating in intense traffic countries are at increased hazard of respiratory diseases. As the features of the population were specific, the consequences of proof of ego reported traffic exposure were non generalized. ( Migliore.E, et.al,2009 ) . A descriptive survey was conducted to happen the association between cooking fuels and the hazard of respiratory disease in preschool kids in Lucknow, India. Mothers of 650 kids from 28 urban hapless vicinities were selected by utilizing random sampling technique. Respiratory disease was assessed by detecting the marks and symptoms. Exposures included the types of cookery fuels and continuance of their usage in the old hebdomad and other possible forecasters of respiratory disease. The point prevalence of respiratory disease was 14.5 % . Majority ( 56.0 % ) , of the households used wood as the cookery fuel. Other fuels used included kerosine ( 24.2 % ) , coal ( 19.2 % ) , LPG ( 15.4 % ) , and droppings bars ( 8.6 % ) . Use of droppings bars, as a cookery fuel was associated with respiratory diseases in the community. Other variables like age, weight, sex, household income, and family construction were non associated with disease. Use of droppings bars as cooking fuel and overcrowding increased the hazard of respiratory diseases ( Shally Aswathi, et.al, 2007 ) . A descriptive survey was conducted in Tanzania to find the effects of biomass fuels, wood coal and kerosine on ARI in kids under five old ages of age. Approximately 85 % and 15 % of kids were from biomass fuels and wood coal or kerosine utilizing places severally. Average ARI prevalence was 11 % . The prevalence of ARI across assorted fuel types used in cooking did non vary much from the national prevalence. The findings suggested that to accomplish meaningful decrease of ARI prevalence, it is necessary to hold a displacement from the usage of biomass fuel, charcoal/kerosene for cooking to clean fuels such as gas and electricity ( Kilabuko, 2007 ) . A descriptive survey was conducted to measure the load of respiratory upsets in rural India. The survey showed that poorness and unhealthy environment were strongly related to respiratory upsets. Bronchitis and asthma were the taking cause of respiratory diseases ; pneumonia and pneumonic TB ranked one of the five causes of deceases in rural India. Asthma and bronchitis prevalence rates in Karnataka, Gujarat, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh were above national norm. Prevalence of pneumonic TB was high in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Gujarat whereas Tamilnadu and Maharashtra recorded lowest prevalence. Though national broad wellness programs have succeeded in cut downing human death of respiratory diseases to a certain extent ; there is a great demand for improved and effectual area-specific wellness plans and societal and economic development in rural countries to accomplish the coveted wellness ends ( Ramanakumar.V, et.al, 2005 ) . A prospective community based survey was conducted in Greenland to place the hazard factors of acute respiratory infections in kids. Open cohorts of 288 kids between the age group of 0-2 old ages were included in the survey. All the kids were monitored hebdomadally for episodes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Analysis of hazard factors was carried out utilizing a multivariate Poisson arrested development theoretical account which was adjusted for age. Attending a child-care centre and sharing sleeping room with grownups were identified as the hazard factors for upper respiratory tract infection in kids. Hazard factors for lower respiratory tract infections included male gender, go toing a child-care centre, exposure to passive smoke, and sharing a sleeping room with kids aged 0aa‚ ¬ † 5 old ages. Breastfeeding was identified to be a protective factor for lower respiratory tract infections. The population attributable hazard of lower respiratory tract in fections associated with inactive smoke and child-care centres was 47 % and 48 % , severally ( Koch.A, 2003 ) . A infirmary based instance control survey was undertaken in Delhi, India to find hazard factors associated with terrible lower respiratory tract infection in under-five kids. 512 kids including 201 instances and 311 controls were enrolled in the survey. Healthy kids go toing Pediatrics outpatient section for immunisation during study period were enrolled as controls. On stepwise logistic arrested development analysis it was found that deficiency of breastfeeding, upper respiratory infection in female parent and siblings, terrible malnutrition, cooking fuel other than liquid crude oil gas, inappropriate immunisation for age and history of lower respiratory tract infection in the household were the important subscribers of ague lower respiratory tract infection in kids under five old ages of age. Sexual activity of the kid, age of the parents, instruction of the parents, figure of kids at place, anaemia, unequal thermal consumption, type of lodging were non identified to be important h azard factors of ague lower respiratory tract infection. ( Broor.S, 2001 ) . A descriptive survey conducted in United States of America found that respiratory diseases contribute seven of the top 15 grounds for sing a doctor among kids under 15 old ages of age. The survey besides found environmental baccy smoke as a broad spread environmental pollutant that has been linked with respiratory jobs ( Gergen.P, 2001 ) .2.2 Effectiveness of Nebulization in Children with Respiratory Diseases:A descriptive survey conducted to find the issues in the direction of wheezing in under 5 kids at community degree in India showed that wheeze are likely to vanish after 2-3 rhythms of inhaled bronchodilator therapy in one tierce to half of the kids. Nebulized beta-2 adrenergic drugs ( salbutamol ) were found to be the pillar of bronchodilator therapy for the intervention of wheezing in kids. These drugs can be given to immature kids by atomizers with an affiliated mask. Delivery of bronchodilators through a nebulizer driven by an electric compressor or O is an effectual and goo d established technique. However, the demand for electricity to run the compressor, deficiency of handiness of high flow O2 cylinders and high cost of equipment bound the everyday usage of nebulization technique in most primary wellness attention scenes in developing states like India. ( Gupta.P, Shah.D, 2010 ) . A randomised clinical test was conducted in Bangladesh to find the effectivity of nebulization with a combination of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide over adrenaline nebulization in kids with acute bronchiolitis. A sample of 60 kids with age less than 2 old ages was divided into two equal groups. Group I received salbutamol and ipratropium bromide nebulization and group II received adrenaline nebulization. The intercessions were provided twice at 6 hours interval and post appraisals were done after 30 proceedingss of each nebulization. The consequences showed a important betterment in respiratory parametric quantities in both groups. However, L-adrenaline was found to be more effectual than a combination of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide nebulization. ( Kadir. M.A, 2009 ) . A descriptive survey was conducted in Hyderabad, South India to determine the form of nebulization among the medical practicians in private scene in the community. A elaborate questionnaire was sent to 1,000 practising doctors consisting of 600 general practicians, 200 paediatric specializers, 150 medical advisers and 50 thorax doctors. The analysis revealed that the common drugs used for nebulization were: Salbutamol ( 80 % ) ; Budesonide ( 65 % ) ; and a combination of Salbutamol & A ; Ipratropium ( 60 % ) . Common indicants for nebulization in the community were: Acute Severe Asthma, Acute Exacerbation of COPD, Acute Broncholitis, Acute Exacerbation of interstitial lung disease and unexplained ague respiratory hurt. Nebulization in the place scenes were largely prescribed by chest doctors ; bulk ( 95 % ) of them prefer direct nebulization without O and merely 5 % used O to drive the nebulized drug. Pediatricians and chest doctors preferred to utilize a face mask whereas general pr acticians and internists used the oral cavity piece straight, without utilizing a face mask. Trained nurses or respiratory healers were available to oversee or learn nebulization technique in less than 5 % of scenes. Sing the pattern of nebulization, bulk ( & gt ; 85 % ) used atomizers for short periods and did non wait till the chamber was to the full emptied of the solution. Merely 10 % of practicians believed in uninterrupted nebulization ( Viggs.A, 2007 ) . A randomised dual blind survey was conducted in Thailand to measure the effectivity of salbutamol- ipratropium bromide nebulization over salbutamol nebulization.74 kids aged 3 aa‚ ¬ † 15 old ages were included in the survey. Children in the control group were administered with 3 doses of nebulized salbutamol -ipratropium bromide assorted with normal saline and the intervention group received 3 doses of ipratropium bromide.at an interval of 20 proceedingss. Respiratory parametric quantities were assessed at 40, 70,100 and 120 proceedingss after the intervention. The consequences showed that the per centum alteration in peak expiratory flow rate was high in intervention group without statistically important difference. The survey concluded that both salbutamol -ipratropium bromide nebulization andsalbutamol nebulization has similar consequence in bettering peak expiratory flow rate. ( Watanasomsiri.A, 2006 ) . A instance survey was done in Coimbatore sing the nursing attention of kids with lower respiratory tract infections. The findings revealed that repeated respiratory infections are common in kids and are likely to be among the most common complaints. Hyper reactive air passage disease is one of the major causative factors for lower respiratory tract infections in kids and a comprehensive nursing attention is indispensable to forestall the complications of lower respiratory tract infections in kids. ( Suganthi.S, 2005 ) . A quasi experimental survey was conducted in Haryana, India to measure the extra benefit of combined salbutamol and ipratropium bromide nebulization in acute asthma with moderate badness. Fifty wheezing kids between the age group of 6aa‚ ¬ † 14 old ages were taken and divided into two equal groups. Group I kids were nebulized with three doses of Salbutamol entirely and Group II kids were given combined nebulization of Salbutamol and Ipratropium bromide nebulization at 20 proceedingss interval. Children were observed at 15, 30, 60,120,180 and 240 proceedingss interval. The survey showed a important betterment in PEFR get downing from 30 proceedingss and enduring for the full survey period of 240 proceedingss in both the groups. ANOVA analysis showed a better consequence with 2nd group. The survey concluded that combined nebulization with Salbutamol and Ipratropium bromide was more good than Salbutamol nebulization in acute asthma of moderate badness ( Sharma. A, 2004 ) . A dual blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical test was conducted in New York to measure the effectivity of nebulization over metered dose inhalator therapy. Convenient trying method was used to choose 168 kids aged 2 -24 months as samples. The atomizer group received a placebo metered dose inhalator with a spacer followed by Ventolin nebulization and the spacer group received Ventolin by metered dose inhalator with a spacer followed by nebulization with isosmotic saline solution. Pulmonary Index Score and oxygen impregnation were measured ab initio and 10 proceedingss after each intervention. The consequence showed that the atomizer group had a significantly high mean in initial Pulmonary Index Score compared with the spacer group and the survey concluded that nebulizer therapy is every bit effectual as metered dosage inhalators with spacer for the intervention of wheezing in kids aged 2 old ages or younger ( Delgado.A, et.al,2003 ) .2.3 Effectiveness of Nebulization with Oxy gen in Children with Respiratory Diseases:An experimental survey was conducted with the aim of mensurating the FiO2 during O nebulization and jet driven nebulization and to compare those values observed with those steps during criterions oxygen therapy. The survey was conducted in corpse. An ET tubing was inserted into the distal tracheal appendage of a cadaverous caput and cervix specimen and was connected to a pump which simulates different respiratory forms. An electro chemical O analyser was used to mensurate FiO2 under different nebulization and O bringing conditions. The survey concluded that O bringing through rhinal device during air driven nebulization significantly increases FiO2 compared with standard O therapy ( Vincent Caille, Stephen Erbman, 2009 ) . An experimental survey was conducted in Mexico to compare the effectivity of salbutamol -ipratropium bromide nebulization with auxiliary O and salbutamol- ipratropium bromide administered in device of mensural doses with spacer chamber in handling wheezing crisis in children.45 wheezing kids between the age group of 1 to 12 old ages were included in the survey. Both groups received the proposed intervention 3 times at 20 proceedingss interval. The survey showed a important betterment in respiratory parametric quantities with salbutamol ipratropium bromide administered by devices of mensural doses with spacer chamber. The survey concluded that the disposal of salbutamol ipratropium bromide with devices of mensural doses was more effectual than its disposal via a atomizer with auxiliary O for handling kids with wheezing crisis. ( Castro.P, 2009 ) A randomised dual blind placebo controlled test was conducted in Turkey to measure the effectivity of salbutamol nebulization and ipratropium bromide nebulization in handling kids with moderate to severe bronchiolitis.70 babies admitted in the infirmary for the first clip with wheezing were included in the survey. The kids were divided into three groups having salbutamol entirely, ipratropium bromide entirely and placebo saline solution entirely via a atomizer supplemented with O at a flow rate of 6-7 litres per minute. Post appraisals were done at 30 proceedingss, 8 hours and 24 hours. The consequences showed a rapid betterment in respiratory parametric quantities in both bronchodilator groups than in the placebo group. But these drugs did non alter the natural class of the disease. ( Karaday.B, 2007 ) . A comparative prospective-retrospective cohort survey was conducted in Spain to find the effectivity of salbutamol delivered via a metered dosage inhalator with spacer and nebulization with O for handling acute asthma in children.580 kids below the age of 14 old ages were included in the study.Out of that 321 prospective cohorts were administered with salbutamol via MDI with spacer and 259 retrospective cohorts received salbutamol via an O driven nebulizer at a flow rate of 7 litres per minute. The survey showed that the figure of doses of inhaled bronchodilator needed, the admittance to the infirmary and the Numberss of kids necessitating a stay in observation unit were similar in both groups. The average length of stay in the exigency section was somewhat shorter in metered dose inhalator group. The survey concluded that the disposal of bronchodilators utilizing metered dose inhalator and nebulization have similar consequence in handling kids with acute asthma aggravation. ( Fernan dez, 2004 ) . A quasi experimental survey was conducted to measure the effectivity of nebulization with O in 21 terrible wheezing paediatric admittances over a twelvemonth period. All kids received three doses of nebulized salbutamol one time in every 20 proceedingss. Eleven of them received nebulization with O and the remainder received nebulization without O. Oxygen impregnation was measured along with clinical badness graduated tables during intervention. 3-5 % autumn in O impregnation was observed during intervention in the control group. At the terminal of intervention, the respiratory rate was somewhat higher in this group. No important autumn [ 0-1 % ] was observed in nebulization with O group. The survey concluded that hypoxemia during nebulization with air driven atomizers can easy be prevented by simple add-on of O beginning to the air recess of available atomizers ( Major. P. Singh Tomar, Lef Col A.R.Shurpali, Col.B.N.Biswal, 2004 ) . A quasi experimental survey was conducted in Thailand sing the flow rate of O for nebulizer therapy. The survey topics were stable COPD patients, in whom the hazard of hyperoxic induced hypercapnia is less than in the acute aggravation phase. The survey recommended that the COPD patients should have bronchodilator drug via the atomizer, particularly in acute aggravation phase, with O flow rate of 6 litre per minute and the medical forces must closely detect the patients for clinical marks of hypercapnia to forestall the jeopardy of C di oxide keeping ( Charoenratenakul.S. 1995 ) . In an experimental survey conducted in England, 10 patients with stable asthma were studied to see whether the flow rate used to drive a atomizer was clinically of import. Each patient received 1 milligram of salbutamol in 2 milliliter of isosmotic saline solution via a nebulizer driven by piped O at 8, 6 and 4 litres per minute on separate randomly allocated occasions. The consequence showed that the clip for nebulization was significantly longer as flow rate was reduced and there was no important difference in the response with bronchodilator intervention ( Hadfield.J.W, 1986 ) .

Rene Descartes and John Locke

Rene Descartes and John Locke Introduction Rene Descartes, a rationalist and John Locke, an empiric have a lot of contrasting and common features. In their philosophical writings, they answer questions about the knowledge of asking, what a man knows and his possibility to know. However when answering these questions, their approach is from different angles. Descartes finds out certainty and continues from this point.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rene Descartes and John Locke specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Locke on the other hand employs empiric thoughts to advance through various levels of truth to arrive at certainty. Through this approach, Locke tries to establish truthfulness with each new step. As Locke argued, applying experimental knowledge without reason makes a person to be stuck. Moreover, rational knowledge is meaningless if not used together with knowledge from the senses. Though their work may contrast on certain aspects, it has been influential even in the midst of scientific advances. Innateness of ideas According to Locke, innate principles do not exist. By arguing in this line, Locke does not oppose Descartes, but targets some of his followers who supported the idea that almost all knowledge in man has basis in innate principles, an approach contrary to the Cartesian approach. In his platonic argument for innate ideas, Descartes puts it that we do not come across things like circularity and justice in actual environment of senses experienced. Descartes’ arguments for innateness in the concept of God is platonic because he points out that the idea of deriving God from experience is impossible because experience does not present us with infinite perfection at any time. Locke on the other hand tries to contrast the platonic rationalistic argument of Descartes regarding circularity and justice. In his abstraction doctrine, Locke asserts that even though man fails to come across perfect circles, circu larity may be common to all objects (Locke I.1.2). By distinguishing between simple and complex ideas, Locke tries to contrast Descartes. Locke argued that man experiences less of God and abstract but more of constituents which are simple in God’s complex idea (Locke I.1.1-3). It occurs as if Descartes expected this response as he (Descartes) puts across the simplicity of God’s idea, an argument which is not sufficient to contrast Locke’s empiric view (Cummins notes). â€Å"Innateness is no guarantee of truth† is an argument which Locke fails to put across but he assumes that â€Å"whatever is innate is true† (Locke I.1.4). Therefore, Locke does not directly argue that innate things are from God, a fact which is true. The above argument implies that to a certain extent, Locke’s argument is similar to the pre-Cartesian argument propounded by rationalists that justification is arbitrary (Hospers 10). Locke’s argument that â€Å"whateve r is innate is true† means that he holds a position similar to Descartes that if innate principles were to occur, then it would be the work of God, a position which is true (Locke I.1.1-3). Furthermore, if Locke were to argue fully against his position, then he would lack the foundation or basis to reject innate principles. However, though Descartes’ argument about innateness of God’s idea is complex, he admits that innateness cannot be self evident (Hospers 13).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bank slate Locke points out that structures existing in a child cannot be innate ideas. Therefore according to Locke, man lacks innate ideas at birth but can acquire these ideas by experience through observing things in the environment (sensation) or reflection in the mind. Moreover, the power has ability to repeat, distinguish and unite various simple ideas e.g. taste and texture. The above argument is emphasized by Locke’s writings where he asserts that â€Å"†¦the ideas they produce in the mind enter by the senses simple and unmixed the hand feels softness and warmth in the same piece of wax; yet the simple ideas are as perfectly distinct as those that come in by different senses† (Locke I.1.4). Furthermore, Locke points out that these simple ideas put together form complete ideas (concept of filling a bank slate or tabula rasa). For example the complex idea of a banana in the mind is a result of the mind combining several simple ideas about the color yellow. This is also emphasized by â€Å"Though the qualities that affect our senses are, in the things themselves, so united and blended, that there is no separation between them† (Locke II.1.4). According to Descartes rationalistic perception however, it becomes hard to imagine what has not been experienced in the senses as asserted by Locke. Locke’s empi ric thought unlike Descartes rationalist is absurd because it is absurd and difficult for mental ideas to be connected to objects in the environment (Cummins notes). Knowledge, Reason and Experience While Descartes argues that from the possibility of knowledge being obtained from reason, Locke employs an empiric thought that the sole source of knowledge is experience. Locke also notably criticizes the Cartesian view on knowledge basing his criticism on the fact that at first, the mind is similar to a bank slate (tabular rasa) which is filled through generation of ideas by experience. Locke’s perception of a tabula rasa is in direct contrast with the Cartesian point of view of existence of innate ideas. Therefore, according to Locke’s empiric thought, knowledge can be achieved solely through experience (Locke II.1.7). In contrast to Locke, Renà © Descartes, a renowned rationalist asserts that it is through reasoning that a person can acquire knowledge which confers abi lity to discern true and false. This is in contrast to the empiric thought that the source of knowledge is experience (Cummins notes). According to Descartes, experience can cause deception of sensory organs with the way a person perceives objects hence cannot be relied on as a source of knowledge e.g. the false deception that a pencil inserted in water is broken (Hospers 5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rene Descartes and John Locke specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Descartes uses the above method to point out that a person should ignore judgement due to experience with objects unless proven beyond reasonable doubt. He uses this method to arrive at his method of establishing doubt (Hospers 77). On the other hand, Locke’s method of arriving at his empiric view is in his work of an ‘epistle to the reader’ where he traces the roots of his philosophical empiric thinking. He uses an anecdote about conversations which showed him that for men to pursue knowledge, they suffer because of failure to determine understanding limits (Locke III.2.6). From Locke’s argument, the origin of knowledge is through introspection and our senses (Locke II.1.3) though Descartes uses the methodical doubt approach of â€Å"I think, therefore I am† or â€Å"cogito ergosum† to refute Locke’s view though he points out that â€Å"Except our own thoughts, there is nothing absolutely in our power† (Hospers 31). This approach used by Descartes is however proof of the source of knowledge i.e. introspection. Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. 6th ed.1689. Institute of Learning Technologies. Web. Cummins, Robert. Notes on Locke: Essay Concerning Human understanding.2009.Print. Hospers, John. An introduction to philosophical analysis. Routledge, 1997.Print.

7 Patterns of Sentence Structure

7 Patterns of Sentence Structure 7 Patterns of Sentence Structure 7 Patterns of Sentence Structure By Mark Nichol Sentence structure can be categorized into seven patterns: one simple, three compound, two complex, and one compound-complex. Here are examples of each pattern with accompanying formulas, all to help you think of how to craft sentences in a greater variety of syntax: 1. Simple sentence (independent clause): â€Å"I went for a walk.† (An independent clause is set of words that includes a subject and a predicate. It can be a sentence or part of one. A dependent, or subordinate, clause is one that cannot stand on its own but provides additional information to supplement an independent clause.) 2. Compound sentence, IC+CC+IC (independent clause plus coordinating conjunction plus independent clause): â€Å"I went for a walk, and I was soothed by the gentle night air.† (Coordinating conjunctions are words that link one independent clause to another to form a compound sentence. These words can be recalled with the mnemonic FANBOYS and include for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.) 3. Compound sentence, IC+S+IC (independent clause plus semicolon plus independent clause): â€Å"I went for a walk; I was soothed by the gentle night air.† 4. Compound sentence, IC+AC+IC (independent clause plus adverbial conjunction plus independent clause): â€Å"I went for a walk; consequently, I was soothed by the gentle night air.† (Adverbial conjunctions are adverbs that serve, when following a semicolon, to link independent clauses. They include consequently, however, moreover, nevertheless, therefore, and thus.) 5. Complex sentence, DM+C+IC (dependent marker plus clause plus independent clause): â€Å"Because I hoped to be soothed by the gentle night air, I went for a walk.† (Dependent markers are words that provide a relative context for a subordinate clause. They include after, although, as, â€Å"as if,† because, before, if, since, though, until, when, where, whether, and while.) 6. Complex sentence, RP+C (relative pronoun plus clause): â€Å"Whatever doubts I had about taking a walk dissipated when I was soothed by the gentle night air.† (Relative pronouns are pronouns that relate a subordinate clause to the noun it modifies. They include who, whom, whose, whoever, whosoever, whomever, which, what, whatever, and sometimes that.) 7. Compound-complex sentence, DC+IC+CC+IC (dependent clause plus independent clause plus coordinating conjunction plus independent clause): â€Å"As I headed out for a walk, my doubts about doing so dissipated, and I was soothed by the gentle night air.† There are, of course, many variations to these patterns; even a simple sentence, for instance, can begin with the object in the example converted to the subject of another simple sentence: â€Å"A walk was my next order of business.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different†20 Classic Novels You Can Read in One Sitting

The Role of Technology in College Research Paper

The Role of Technology in College - Research Paper Example Let us analyze the conversion of text books into e-books and utilization of iPads by the students in the educational system. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of implementing this particular technology into the college along with detailed information in terms of its functions and its impact on the students, organization and the education system. The main objective that one has to consider is to what extent does this technology enhances the learning of the students and to what extent it suppresses the well-being of the students. This analysis provides a clear view towards how the technology has to be handled to enhance the students’ learning and how far the limitations have to be imposed towards the students.It is no surprise that students in the modern era are highly utilizing the technology and the Internet. When the printed paperback books are replaced by e-books, it provides the students with an easy access to their books anywhere and anytime. It also serves as a con venient way for the students to store a large number of books within a single device. This is indeed the major reason why students and educators prefer the system of e-books conversion. It tends to provide greater mobility and convenience in the part of the students. The use of e-books and iPad devices provide better functionality to the users. The e-books make your search pretty simple and include advanced functions such as highlighting, annotating and bookmarking the important pages. The e-books are cost effective.... Here we present a comprehensive analysis of implementing this particular technology into the college along with detailed information in terms of its functions and its impact on the students, organization and the education system. The main objective that one has to consider is to what extent does this technology enhances the learning of the students and to what extent it suppresses the well-being of the students. This analysis provides a clear view towards how the technology has to be handled to enhance the students’ learning and how far the limitations have to be imposed towards the students. It is no surprise that students in the modern era are highly utilizing the technology and the Internet. When the printed paperback books are replaced by e-books, it provides the students with an easy access to their books anywhere and anytime. It also serves as a convenient way for the students to store a large number of books within a single device. This is indeed the major reason why st udents and educators prefer the system of e-books conversion. It tends to provide greater mobility and convenience in the part of the students. The use of e-books and iPad devices provide better functionality to the users. The e-books make your search pretty simple and include advanced functions such as highlighting, annotating and bookmarking the important pages. In addition, the e-books are cost effective when compared to the conventional printed text books. â€Å"The conversion to the iPad device and e-textbooks will help lower the overall cost of education to students, saving students roughly $200 per quarter on the cost of printed textbooks† (â€Å"Brown Mackie College System of Schools,† 2012). iPads must be used as a great tool for inspiring the